AIM: A network model of attention in auditory cortex.

Attentional modulation of cortical networks is critical for the cognitive flexibility required to process complex scenes. Current theoretical frameworks for attention are based almost exclusively on studies in visual cortex, where attentional effects are typically modest and excitatory. In contrast,...

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Autores principales:	Kenny F Chou, Kamal Sen
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/5ee00b12602b42da879a447ff3f44e5c
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:5ee00b12602b42da879a447ff3f44e5c
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:5ee00b12602b42da879a447ff3f44e5c2021-12-02T19:58:00ZAIM: A network model of attention in auditory cortex.1553-734X1553-735810.1371/journal.pcbi.1009356https://doaj.org/article/5ee00b12602b42da879a447ff3f44e5c2021-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009356https://doaj.org/toc/1553-734Xhttps://doaj.org/toc/1553-7358Attentional modulation of cortical networks is critical for the cognitive flexibility required to process complex scenes. Current theoretical frameworks for attention are based almost exclusively on studies in visual cortex, where attentional effects are typically modest and excitatory. In contrast, attentional effects in auditory cortex can be large and suppressive. A theoretical framework for explaining attentional effects in auditory cortex is lacking, preventing a broader understanding of cortical mechanisms underlying attention. Here, we present a cortical network model of attention in primary auditory cortex (A1). A key mechanism in our network is attentional inhibitory modulation (AIM) of cortical inhibitory neurons. In this mechanism, top-down inhibitory neurons disinhibit bottom-up cortical circuits, a prominent circuit motif observed in sensory cortex. Our results reveal that the same underlying mechanisms in the AIM network can explain diverse attentional effects on both spatial and frequency tuning in A1. We find that a dominant effect of disinhibition on cortical tuning is suppressive, consistent with experimental observations. Functionally, the AIM network may play a key role in solving the cocktail party problem. We demonstrate how attention can guide the AIM network to monitor an acoustic scene, select a specific target, or switch to a different target, providing flexible outputs for solving the cocktail party problem.Kenny F ChouKamal SenPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENPLoS Computational Biology, Vol 17, Iss 8, p e1009356 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Kenny F Chou Kamal Sen AIM: A network model of attention in auditory cortex.
description	Attentional modulation of cortical networks is critical for the cognitive flexibility required to process complex scenes. Current theoretical frameworks for attention are based almost exclusively on studies in visual cortex, where attentional effects are typically modest and excitatory. In contrast, attentional effects in auditory cortex can be large and suppressive. A theoretical framework for explaining attentional effects in auditory cortex is lacking, preventing a broader understanding of cortical mechanisms underlying attention. Here, we present a cortical network model of attention in primary auditory cortex (A1). A key mechanism in our network is attentional inhibitory modulation (AIM) of cortical inhibitory neurons. In this mechanism, top-down inhibitory neurons disinhibit bottom-up cortical circuits, a prominent circuit motif observed in sensory cortex. Our results reveal that the same underlying mechanisms in the AIM network can explain diverse attentional effects on both spatial and frequency tuning in A1. We find that a dominant effect of disinhibition on cortical tuning is suppressive, consistent with experimental observations. Functionally, the AIM network may play a key role in solving the cocktail party problem. We demonstrate how attention can guide the AIM network to monitor an acoustic scene, select a specific target, or switch to a different target, providing flexible outputs for solving the cocktail party problem.
format	article
author	Kenny F Chou Kamal Sen
author_facet	Kenny F Chou Kamal Sen
author_sort	Kenny F Chou
title	AIM: A network model of attention in auditory cortex.
title_short	AIM: A network model of attention in auditory cortex.
title_full	AIM: A network model of attention in auditory cortex.
title_fullStr	AIM: A network model of attention in auditory cortex.
title_full_unstemmed	AIM: A network model of attention in auditory cortex.
title_sort	aim: a network model of attention in auditory cortex.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/5ee00b12602b42da879a447ff3f44e5c
work_keys_str_mv	AT kennyfchou aimanetworkmodelofattentioninauditorycortex AT kamalsen aimanetworkmodelofattentioninauditorycortex
_version_	1718375779399630848

AIM: A network model of attention in auditory cortex.

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