Seasonality and social factors, but not noise pollution, influence the song characteristics of two leaf warbler species.

Changes in the acoustic signalling of animals occupying urban ecosystems is often associated with the masking effects of noise pollution, but the way in which they respond to noise pollution is not straightforward. An increasing number of studies indicate that responses can be case specific, and som...

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Autores principales:	Krzysztof Deoniziak, Tomasz S Osiejuk
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/5ee69965602a41b68919fe401bc112b5
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:5ee69965602a41b68919fe401bc112b52021-12-02T20:08:32ZSeasonality and social factors, but not noise pollution, influence the song characteristics of two leaf warbler species.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0257074https://doaj.org/article/5ee69965602a41b68919fe401bc112b52021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257074https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Changes in the acoustic signalling of animals occupying urban ecosystems is often associated with the masking effects of noise pollution, but the way in which they respond to noise pollution is not straightforward. An increasing number of studies indicate that responses can be case specific, and some species have been found to respond differently to high levels of natural versus anthropogenic noise, as well as different levels of the latter. While the perception of noise between species may vary with its source, amplitude and temporal features, some species may possess broader environmental tolerance to noise pollution, as they use higher frequency vocalizations that are less masked by low-frequency urban noise. In this study, we explored the song variation of two closely related leaf warblers, the Common Chiffchaff Phylloscopus collybita and the Willow Warbler Phylloscopus trochilus, inhabiting urban green spaces and nonurban forests. The main goal of our study was to evaluate the impact of moderate levels of noise pollution on the songs of species which use higher frequency vocalizations and large frequency bandwidth. Previous studies found that the Common Chiffchaff modified their song in response to intense noise pollution, while no such data is available for the Willow Warbler. However, the majority of urban green spaces, which serve as wildlife hot spots in urban environments are usually polluted with moderate noise levels, which may not mask the acoustic signals of species that communicate with higher frequency. We analysed the spectral and temporal song parameters of both warblers and described the ambient noise present in males' territories. Additionally, we looked at the social and seasonal aspects of bird song, since there is more than just noise in urban ecosystems which may affect acoustic communication. We found no evidence for noise-related bird song divergence in either species, however, we showed that social factors, time of day and season influence certain Common Chiffchaff and Willow Warbler song characteristics. Lack of noise-related bird song divergence may be due to the relatively low variation in its amplitude or other noise features present within the song frequency range of the studied species. Similar results have previously been shown for a few songbird species inhabiting urban ecosystems. Although in many cases such results remain in the shadow of the positive ones, they all contribute to a better understanding of animal communication in urban ecosystems.Krzysztof DeoniziakTomasz S OsiejukPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 9, p e0257074 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Krzysztof Deoniziak Tomasz S Osiejuk Seasonality and social factors, but not noise pollution, influence the song characteristics of two leaf warbler species.
description	Changes in the acoustic signalling of animals occupying urban ecosystems is often associated with the masking effects of noise pollution, but the way in which they respond to noise pollution is not straightforward. An increasing number of studies indicate that responses can be case specific, and some species have been found to respond differently to high levels of natural versus anthropogenic noise, as well as different levels of the latter. While the perception of noise between species may vary with its source, amplitude and temporal features, some species may possess broader environmental tolerance to noise pollution, as they use higher frequency vocalizations that are less masked by low-frequency urban noise. In this study, we explored the song variation of two closely related leaf warblers, the Common Chiffchaff Phylloscopus collybita and the Willow Warbler Phylloscopus trochilus, inhabiting urban green spaces and nonurban forests. The main goal of our study was to evaluate the impact of moderate levels of noise pollution on the songs of species which use higher frequency vocalizations and large frequency bandwidth. Previous studies found that the Common Chiffchaff modified their song in response to intense noise pollution, while no such data is available for the Willow Warbler. However, the majority of urban green spaces, which serve as wildlife hot spots in urban environments are usually polluted with moderate noise levels, which may not mask the acoustic signals of species that communicate with higher frequency. We analysed the spectral and temporal song parameters of both warblers and described the ambient noise present in males' territories. Additionally, we looked at the social and seasonal aspects of bird song, since there is more than just noise in urban ecosystems which may affect acoustic communication. We found no evidence for noise-related bird song divergence in either species, however, we showed that social factors, time of day and season influence certain Common Chiffchaff and Willow Warbler song characteristics. Lack of noise-related bird song divergence may be due to the relatively low variation in its amplitude or other noise features present within the song frequency range of the studied species. Similar results have previously been shown for a few songbird species inhabiting urban ecosystems. Although in many cases such results remain in the shadow of the positive ones, they all contribute to a better understanding of animal communication in urban ecosystems.
format	article
author	Krzysztof Deoniziak Tomasz S Osiejuk
author_facet	Krzysztof Deoniziak Tomasz S Osiejuk
author_sort	Krzysztof Deoniziak
title	Seasonality and social factors, but not noise pollution, influence the song characteristics of two leaf warbler species.
title_short	Seasonality and social factors, but not noise pollution, influence the song characteristics of two leaf warbler species.
title_full	Seasonality and social factors, but not noise pollution, influence the song characteristics of two leaf warbler species.
title_fullStr	Seasonality and social factors, but not noise pollution, influence the song characteristics of two leaf warbler species.
title_full_unstemmed	Seasonality and social factors, but not noise pollution, influence the song characteristics of two leaf warbler species.
title_sort	seasonality and social factors, but not noise pollution, influence the song characteristics of two leaf warbler species.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/5ee69965602a41b68919fe401bc112b5
work_keys_str_mv	AT krzysztofdeoniziak seasonalityandsocialfactorsbutnotnoisepollutioninfluencethesongcharacteristicsoftwoleafwarblerspecies AT tomaszsosiejuk seasonalityandsocialfactorsbutnotnoisepollutioninfluencethesongcharacteristicsoftwoleafwarblerspecies
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Seasonality and social factors, but not noise pollution, influence the song characteristics of two leaf warbler species.

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