Percutaneous nephrolithotomy; alarming variables for postoperative bleeding
Objectives: To evaluate factors contributing to bleeding after percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) and ways of managing this complication, as bleeding is a serious sequela that requires prompt management. Patients and methods: The demographic and procedural data of 200 patients, who underwent unilat...
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| Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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| Formato: | article |
| Lenguaje: | EN |
| Publicado: |
Taylor & Francis Group
2017
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| Materias: | |
| Acceso en línea: | https://doaj.org/article/5f2657bff3ac44c2b1ed7fdad0f043da |
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| Sumario: | Objectives: To evaluate factors contributing to bleeding after percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) and ways of managing this complication, as bleeding is a serious sequela that requires prompt management.
Patients and methods: The demographic and procedural data of 200 patients, who underwent unilateral PCNL during a 20-month period, were prospectively collected. Preoperative, operative, and postoperative details were recorded. The preoperative variables analysed included: age, sex, body mass index (BMI), the presence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, serum creatinine, degree of hydronephrosis, previous ipsilateral open renal surgery, stone size and complexity. The operative variables analysed included: number of tracts, operative time, size of Amplatz sheath, type of anaesthesia, and complications such as calyceal and pelvic perforation.
Results: The variables of age, sex, BMI, diabetes, hypertension, and a preoperative creatinine level of >1.4 mg/dL had no significant effect on blood loss (all P > 0.05). However, the rate of bleeding was significantly higher (P ⩽ 0.05) in patients who had a history of previous open renal surgery, intraoperative pelvicalyceal perforations, and Guy’s Stone Score (GSS) grade 3 and 4 complex stones; however, absence of hydronephrosis, larger stone size, operative time (>83 min), more than one puncture, and size of the Amplatz sheath (26–30 F) did not maintain their significance in multivariate analysis.
Conclusion: According to our present results stone complexity (GSS grade 3 and 4), history of ipsilateral renal stone surgery, and occurrence of intraoperative pelvicalyceal perforation are alarming variables for post-PCNL bleeding. |
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