Can Current Earth Observation Technologies Provide Useful Information on Soil Organic Carbon Stocks for Environmental Land Management Policy?

Earth Observation (EO) techniques could offer a more cost-effective and rapid approach for reliable monitoring, reporting, and verification (MRV) of soil organic carbon (SOC). Here, we analyse the available published literature to assess whether it may be possible to estimate SOC using data from sen...

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Autores principales:	Ana Andries, Stephen Morse, Richard J. Murphy, Jim Lynch, Bernardo Mota, Emma R. Woolliams
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	monitoring verification reporting soil organic carbon soil organic matter Earth Observation Environmental effects of industries and plants TD194-195 Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental sciences GE1-350
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/5f3797c8e9d84423a1a41f3c337f73b4
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:5f3797c8e9d84423a1a41f3c337f73b42021-11-11T19:43:08ZCan Current Earth Observation Technologies Provide Useful Information on Soil Organic Carbon Stocks for Environmental Land Management Policy?10.3390/su1321120742071-1050https://doaj.org/article/5f3797c8e9d84423a1a41f3c337f73b42021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/21/12074https://doaj.org/toc/2071-1050Earth Observation (EO) techniques could offer a more cost-effective and rapid approach for reliable monitoring, reporting, and verification (MRV) of soil organic carbon (SOC). Here, we analyse the available published literature to assess whether it may be possible to estimate SOC using data from sensors mounted on satellites and airborne systems. This is complemented with research using a series of semi-structured interviews with experts in soil health and policy areas to understand the level of accuracy that is acceptable for MRV approaches for SOC. We also perform a cost-accuracy analysis of the approaches, including the use of EO techniques, for SOC assessment in the context of the new UK Environmental Land Management scheme. We summarise the state-of-the-art EO techniques for SOC assessment and identify 3 themes and 25 key suggestions and concerns for the MRV of SOC from the expert interviews. Notably, over three-quarters of the respondents considered that a ‘validation accuracy’ of 90% or better would be required from EO-based techniques to be acceptable as an effective system for the monitoring and reporting of SOC stocks. The cost-accuracy analysis revealed that a combination of EO technology and in situ sampling has the potential to offer a reliable, cost-effective approach to estimating SOC at a local scale (4 ha), although several challenges remain. We conclude by proposing an MRV framework for SOC that collates and integrates seven criteria for multiple data sources at the appropriate scales.Ana AndriesStephen MorseRichard J. MurphyJim LynchBernardo MotaEmma R. WoolliamsMDPI AGarticlemonitoringverificationreportingsoil organic carbonsoil organic matterEarth ObservationEnvironmental effects of industries and plantsTD194-195Renewable energy sourcesTJ807-830Environmental sciencesGE1-350ENSustainability, Vol 13, Iss 12074, p 12074 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	monitoring verification reporting soil organic carbon soil organic matter Earth Observation Environmental effects of industries and plants TD194-195 Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental sciences GE1-350
spellingShingle	monitoring verification reporting soil organic carbon soil organic matter Earth Observation Environmental effects of industries and plants TD194-195 Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental sciences GE1-350 Ana Andries Stephen Morse Richard J. Murphy Jim Lynch Bernardo Mota Emma R. Woolliams Can Current Earth Observation Technologies Provide Useful Information on Soil Organic Carbon Stocks for Environmental Land Management Policy?
description	Earth Observation (EO) techniques could offer a more cost-effective and rapid approach for reliable monitoring, reporting, and verification (MRV) of soil organic carbon (SOC). Here, we analyse the available published literature to assess whether it may be possible to estimate SOC using data from sensors mounted on satellites and airborne systems. This is complemented with research using a series of semi-structured interviews with experts in soil health and policy areas to understand the level of accuracy that is acceptable for MRV approaches for SOC. We also perform a cost-accuracy analysis of the approaches, including the use of EO techniques, for SOC assessment in the context of the new UK Environmental Land Management scheme. We summarise the state-of-the-art EO techniques for SOC assessment and identify 3 themes and 25 key suggestions and concerns for the MRV of SOC from the expert interviews. Notably, over three-quarters of the respondents considered that a ‘validation accuracy’ of 90% or better would be required from EO-based techniques to be acceptable as an effective system for the monitoring and reporting of SOC stocks. The cost-accuracy analysis revealed that a combination of EO technology and in situ sampling has the potential to offer a reliable, cost-effective approach to estimating SOC at a local scale (4 ha), although several challenges remain. We conclude by proposing an MRV framework for SOC that collates and integrates seven criteria for multiple data sources at the appropriate scales.
format	article
author	Ana Andries Stephen Morse Richard J. Murphy Jim Lynch Bernardo Mota Emma R. Woolliams
author_facet	Ana Andries Stephen Morse Richard J. Murphy Jim Lynch Bernardo Mota Emma R. Woolliams
author_sort	Ana Andries
title	Can Current Earth Observation Technologies Provide Useful Information on Soil Organic Carbon Stocks for Environmental Land Management Policy?
title_short	Can Current Earth Observation Technologies Provide Useful Information on Soil Organic Carbon Stocks for Environmental Land Management Policy?
title_full	Can Current Earth Observation Technologies Provide Useful Information on Soil Organic Carbon Stocks for Environmental Land Management Policy?
title_fullStr	Can Current Earth Observation Technologies Provide Useful Information on Soil Organic Carbon Stocks for Environmental Land Management Policy?
title_full_unstemmed	Can Current Earth Observation Technologies Provide Useful Information on Soil Organic Carbon Stocks for Environmental Land Management Policy?
title_sort	can current earth observation technologies provide useful information on soil organic carbon stocks for environmental land management policy?
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/5f3797c8e9d84423a1a41f3c337f73b4
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Can Current Earth Observation Technologies Provide Useful Information on Soil Organic Carbon Stocks for Environmental Land Management Policy?

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