Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Endurance Exercise Training Protocols for Mice

Inbred and genetically modified mice are frequently used to investigate the molecular mechanisms responsible for the beneficial adaptations to exercise training. However, published paradigms for exercise training in mice are variable, making comparisons across studies for training efficacy difficult...

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Autores principales:	Michael P. Massett, Caitlyn Matejka, Hyoseon Kim
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	inbred mice treadmill running sedentary training responses endurance exercise training Physiology QP1-981
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/5f39c9077dc74871b527c480c87860a1
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:5f39c9077dc74871b527c480c87860a12021-12-02T17:32:07ZSystematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Endurance Exercise Training Protocols for Mice1664-042X10.3389/fphys.2021.782695https://doaj.org/article/5f39c9077dc74871b527c480c87860a12021-12-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2021.782695/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/1664-042XInbred and genetically modified mice are frequently used to investigate the molecular mechanisms responsible for the beneficial adaptations to exercise training. However, published paradigms for exercise training in mice are variable, making comparisons across studies for training efficacy difficult. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to characterize the diversity across published treadmill-based endurance exercise training protocols for mice and to identify training protocol parameters that moderate the adaptations to endurance exercise training in mice. Published studies were retrieved from PubMed and EMBASE and reviewed for the following inclusion criteria: inbred mice; inclusion of a sedentary group; and exercise training using a motorized treadmill. Fifty-eight articles met those inclusion criteria and also included a “classical” marker of training efficacy. Outcome measures included changes in exercise performance, V˙O2max, skeletal muscle oxidative enzyme activity, blood lactate levels, or exercise-induced cardiac hypertrophy. The majority of studies were conducted using male mice. Approximately 48% of studies included all information regarding exercise training protocol parameters. Meta-analysis was performed using 105 distinct training groups (i.e., EX-SED pairs). Exercise training had a significant effect on training outcomes, but with high heterogeneity (Hedges’ g=1.70, 95% CI=1.47–1.94, Tau2=1.14, I2=80.4%, prediction interval=−0.43–3.84). Heterogeneity was partially explained by subgroup differences in treadmill incline, training duration, exercise performance test type, and outcome variable. Subsequent analyses were performed on subsets of studies based on training outcome, exercise performance, or biochemical markers. Exercise training significantly improved performance outcomes (Hedges’ g=1.85, 95% CI=1.55–2.15). Subgroup differences were observed for treadmill incline, training duration, and exercise performance test protocol on improvements in performance. Biochemical markers also changed significantly with training (Hedges’ g=1.62, 95% CI=1.14–2.11). Subgroup differences were observed for strain, sex, exercise session time, and training duration. These results demonstrate there is a high degree of heterogeneity across exercise training studies in mice. Training duration had the most significant impact on training outcome. However, the magnitude of the effect of exercise training varies based on the marker used to assess training efficacy.Michael P. MassettCaitlyn MatejkaHyoseon KimFrontiers Media S.A.articleinbred micetreadmill runningsedentarytraining responsesendurance exercise trainingPhysiologyQP1-981ENFrontiers in Physiology, Vol 12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	inbred mice treadmill running sedentary training responses endurance exercise training Physiology QP1-981
spellingShingle	inbred mice treadmill running sedentary training responses endurance exercise training Physiology QP1-981 Michael P. Massett Caitlyn Matejka Hyoseon Kim Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Endurance Exercise Training Protocols for Mice
description	Inbred and genetically modified mice are frequently used to investigate the molecular mechanisms responsible for the beneficial adaptations to exercise training. However, published paradigms for exercise training in mice are variable, making comparisons across studies for training efficacy difficult. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to characterize the diversity across published treadmill-based endurance exercise training protocols for mice and to identify training protocol parameters that moderate the adaptations to endurance exercise training in mice. Published studies were retrieved from PubMed and EMBASE and reviewed for the following inclusion criteria: inbred mice; inclusion of a sedentary group; and exercise training using a motorized treadmill. Fifty-eight articles met those inclusion criteria and also included a “classical” marker of training efficacy. Outcome measures included changes in exercise performance, V˙O2max, skeletal muscle oxidative enzyme activity, blood lactate levels, or exercise-induced cardiac hypertrophy. The majority of studies were conducted using male mice. Approximately 48% of studies included all information regarding exercise training protocol parameters. Meta-analysis was performed using 105 distinct training groups (i.e., EX-SED pairs). Exercise training had a significant effect on training outcomes, but with high heterogeneity (Hedges’ g=1.70, 95% CI=1.47–1.94, Tau2=1.14, I2=80.4%, prediction interval=−0.43–3.84). Heterogeneity was partially explained by subgroup differences in treadmill incline, training duration, exercise performance test type, and outcome variable. Subsequent analyses were performed on subsets of studies based on training outcome, exercise performance, or biochemical markers. Exercise training significantly improved performance outcomes (Hedges’ g=1.85, 95% CI=1.55–2.15). Subgroup differences were observed for treadmill incline, training duration, and exercise performance test protocol on improvements in performance. Biochemical markers also changed significantly with training (Hedges’ g=1.62, 95% CI=1.14–2.11). Subgroup differences were observed for strain, sex, exercise session time, and training duration. These results demonstrate there is a high degree of heterogeneity across exercise training studies in mice. Training duration had the most significant impact on training outcome. However, the magnitude of the effect of exercise training varies based on the marker used to assess training efficacy.
format	article
author	Michael P. Massett Caitlyn Matejka Hyoseon Kim
author_facet	Michael P. Massett Caitlyn Matejka Hyoseon Kim
author_sort	Michael P. Massett
title	Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Endurance Exercise Training Protocols for Mice
title_short	Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Endurance Exercise Training Protocols for Mice
title_full	Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Endurance Exercise Training Protocols for Mice
title_fullStr	Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Endurance Exercise Training Protocols for Mice
title_full_unstemmed	Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Endurance Exercise Training Protocols for Mice
title_sort	systematic review and meta-analysis of endurance exercise training protocols for mice
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/5f39c9077dc74871b527c480c87860a1
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Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Endurance Exercise Training Protocols for Mice

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