Feeding habits and novel prey of larval fishes in the northern San Francisco Estuary

Abstract Food limitation can dampen the survival and growth of fish species during early development. To investigate prey diversity important to the planktivorous larval longfin smelt (Spirinchus thaleichthys) and Pacific herring (Clupea pallasii) from the San Francisco Estuary, we used DNA metabarc...

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Autores principales:	Michelle J. Jungbluth, Jillian Burns, Lenny Grimaldo, Anne Slaughter, Aspen Katla, Wim Kimmerer
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Wiley 2021
Materias:	diet larval fish longfin smelt metabarcoding mtCOI Pacific herring Environmental sciences GE1-350 Microbial ecology QR100-130
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/5f4b6372d02f4800b003c336b53ea688
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:5f4b6372d02f4800b003c336b53ea6882021-11-23T16:15:24ZFeeding habits and novel prey of larval fishes in the northern San Francisco Estuary2637-494310.1002/edn3.226https://doaj.org/article/5f4b6372d02f4800b003c336b53ea6882021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1002/edn3.226https://doaj.org/toc/2637-4943Abstract Food limitation can dampen the survival and growth of fish species during early development. To investigate prey diversity important to the planktivorous larval longfin smelt (Spirinchus thaleichthys) and Pacific herring (Clupea pallasii) from the San Francisco Estuary, we used DNA metabarcoding analysis of the cytochrome oxidase I gene on the guts of these fishes and on environmental zooplankton samples, in comparison with results from abundance analyses of zooplankton samples. Overall, both fish consumed the prey that were commonly available and relatively abundant: Diets were dominated by arthropods but also included soft‐bodied and difficult to identify organisms. Prey taxa substantially overlapped between the two species (Schoener's index = 0.66), and alpha diversity analysis suggested high variability in the content of guts from different individuals. Abundant prey taxa in both fish species included the copepods Eurytemora carolleeae, Acanthocyclops americanus, and A. robustus; Acanthocyclops spp. are difficult to distinguish morphologically. Differential abundance analysis suggested that both species consumed the most abundant zooplankton in lower proportions than their availability in the environment. A few uncommon prey observed in the diets may hint at feeding strategies employed by the larvae, such as herring DNA in the longfin smelt diets, suggesting feeding on eggs near substrates or schooling behavior. Herring consumed the small (<0.5 mm) copepod Limnoithona tetraspina much more frequently (30%) than did smelt (2%), possibly indicating differences in foraging behavior or sensory abilities. Among the unexpected prey found in the diets was the cnidarian Hydra oligactis, the polychaete Dasybranchus sp., and the copepod Mesocyclops pehpeiensis, a species not previously described in the San Francisco Estuary. Our findings illustrate the power of molecular methods in revealing feeding patterns and novel plankton diversity that can be undetectable with complementary morphological analysis methods.Michelle J. JungbluthJillian BurnsLenny GrimaldoAnne SlaughterAspen KatlaWim KimmererWileyarticledietlarval fishlongfin smeltmetabarcodingmtCOIPacific herringEnvironmental sciencesGE1-350Microbial ecologyQR100-130ENEnvironmental DNA, Vol 3, Iss 6, Pp 1059-1080 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	diet larval fish longfin smelt metabarcoding mtCOI Pacific herring Environmental sciences GE1-350 Microbial ecology QR100-130
spellingShingle	diet larval fish longfin smelt metabarcoding mtCOI Pacific herring Environmental sciences GE1-350 Microbial ecology QR100-130 Michelle J. Jungbluth Jillian Burns Lenny Grimaldo Anne Slaughter Aspen Katla Wim Kimmerer Feeding habits and novel prey of larval fishes in the northern San Francisco Estuary
description	Abstract Food limitation can dampen the survival and growth of fish species during early development. To investigate prey diversity important to the planktivorous larval longfin smelt (Spirinchus thaleichthys) and Pacific herring (Clupea pallasii) from the San Francisco Estuary, we used DNA metabarcoding analysis of the cytochrome oxidase I gene on the guts of these fishes and on environmental zooplankton samples, in comparison with results from abundance analyses of zooplankton samples. Overall, both fish consumed the prey that were commonly available and relatively abundant: Diets were dominated by arthropods but also included soft‐bodied and difficult to identify organisms. Prey taxa substantially overlapped between the two species (Schoener's index = 0.66), and alpha diversity analysis suggested high variability in the content of guts from different individuals. Abundant prey taxa in both fish species included the copepods Eurytemora carolleeae, Acanthocyclops americanus, and A. robustus; Acanthocyclops spp. are difficult to distinguish morphologically. Differential abundance analysis suggested that both species consumed the most abundant zooplankton in lower proportions than their availability in the environment. A few uncommon prey observed in the diets may hint at feeding strategies employed by the larvae, such as herring DNA in the longfin smelt diets, suggesting feeding on eggs near substrates or schooling behavior. Herring consumed the small (<0.5 mm) copepod Limnoithona tetraspina much more frequently (30%) than did smelt (2%), possibly indicating differences in foraging behavior or sensory abilities. Among the unexpected prey found in the diets was the cnidarian Hydra oligactis, the polychaete Dasybranchus sp., and the copepod Mesocyclops pehpeiensis, a species not previously described in the San Francisco Estuary. Our findings illustrate the power of molecular methods in revealing feeding patterns and novel plankton diversity that can be undetectable with complementary morphological analysis methods.
format	article
author	Michelle J. Jungbluth Jillian Burns Lenny Grimaldo Anne Slaughter Aspen Katla Wim Kimmerer
author_facet	Michelle J. Jungbluth Jillian Burns Lenny Grimaldo Anne Slaughter Aspen Katla Wim Kimmerer
author_sort	Michelle J. Jungbluth
title	Feeding habits and novel prey of larval fishes in the northern San Francisco Estuary
title_short	Feeding habits and novel prey of larval fishes in the northern San Francisco Estuary
title_full	Feeding habits and novel prey of larval fishes in the northern San Francisco Estuary
title_fullStr	Feeding habits and novel prey of larval fishes in the northern San Francisco Estuary
title_full_unstemmed	Feeding habits and novel prey of larval fishes in the northern San Francisco Estuary
title_sort	feeding habits and novel prey of larval fishes in the northern san francisco estuary
publisher	Wiley
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/5f4b6372d02f4800b003c336b53ea688
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Feeding habits and novel prey of larval fishes in the northern San Francisco Estuary

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