Electrochemical Technologies to Decrease the Chemical Risk of Hospital Wastewater and Urine

The inefficiency of conventional biological processes to remove pharmaceutical compounds (PhCs) in wastewater is leading to their accumulation in aquatic environments. These compounds are characterized by high toxicity, high antibiotic activity and low biodegradability, and their presence is causing...

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Autores principales:	Ángela Moratalla, Salvador Cotillas, Engracia Lacasa, Pablo Cañizares, Manuel A. Rodrigo, Cristina Sáez
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	advanced oxidation processes pharmaceuticals wastewater hospital urine Organic chemistry QD241-441
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/5f54eedb11bf49688ad08966ab21e445
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:5f54eedb11bf49688ad08966ab21e4452021-11-25T18:27:27ZElectrochemical Technologies to Decrease the Chemical Risk of Hospital Wastewater and Urine10.3390/molecules262268131420-3049https://doaj.org/article/5f54eedb11bf49688ad08966ab21e4452021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/22/6813https://doaj.org/toc/1420-3049The inefficiency of conventional biological processes to remove pharmaceutical compounds (PhCs) in wastewater is leading to their accumulation in aquatic environments. These compounds are characterized by high toxicity, high antibiotic activity and low biodegradability, and their presence is causing serious environmental risks. Because much of the PhCs consumed by humans are excreted in the urine, hospital effluents have been considered one of the main routes of entry of PhCs into the environment. In this work, a critical review of the technologies employed for the removal of PhCs in hospital wastewater was carried out. This review provides an overview of the current state of the developed technologies for decreasing the chemical risks associated with the presence of PhCs in hospital wastewater or urine in the last years, including conventional treatments (filtration, adsorption, or biological processes), advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) and electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOPs).Ángela MoratallaSalvador CotillasEngracia LacasaPablo CañizaresManuel A. RodrigoCristina SáezMDPI AGarticleadvanced oxidation processespharmaceuticalswastewaterhospital urineOrganic chemistryQD241-441ENMolecules, Vol 26, Iss 6813, p 6813 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	advanced oxidation processes pharmaceuticals wastewater hospital urine Organic chemistry QD241-441
spellingShingle	advanced oxidation processes pharmaceuticals wastewater hospital urine Organic chemistry QD241-441 Ángela Moratalla Salvador Cotillas Engracia Lacasa Pablo Cañizares Manuel A. Rodrigo Cristina Sáez Electrochemical Technologies to Decrease the Chemical Risk of Hospital Wastewater and Urine
description	The inefficiency of conventional biological processes to remove pharmaceutical compounds (PhCs) in wastewater is leading to their accumulation in aquatic environments. These compounds are characterized by high toxicity, high antibiotic activity and low biodegradability, and their presence is causing serious environmental risks. Because much of the PhCs consumed by humans are excreted in the urine, hospital effluents have been considered one of the main routes of entry of PhCs into the environment. In this work, a critical review of the technologies employed for the removal of PhCs in hospital wastewater was carried out. This review provides an overview of the current state of the developed technologies for decreasing the chemical risks associated with the presence of PhCs in hospital wastewater or urine in the last years, including conventional treatments (filtration, adsorption, or biological processes), advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) and electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOPs).
format	article
author	Ángela Moratalla Salvador Cotillas Engracia Lacasa Pablo Cañizares Manuel A. Rodrigo Cristina Sáez
author_facet	Ángela Moratalla Salvador Cotillas Engracia Lacasa Pablo Cañizares Manuel A. Rodrigo Cristina Sáez
author_sort	Ángela Moratalla
title	Electrochemical Technologies to Decrease the Chemical Risk of Hospital Wastewater and Urine
title_short	Electrochemical Technologies to Decrease the Chemical Risk of Hospital Wastewater and Urine
title_full	Electrochemical Technologies to Decrease the Chemical Risk of Hospital Wastewater and Urine
title_fullStr	Electrochemical Technologies to Decrease the Chemical Risk of Hospital Wastewater and Urine
title_full_unstemmed	Electrochemical Technologies to Decrease the Chemical Risk of Hospital Wastewater and Urine
title_sort	electrochemical technologies to decrease the chemical risk of hospital wastewater and urine
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/5f54eedb11bf49688ad08966ab21e445
work_keys_str_mv	AT angelamoratalla electrochemicaltechnologiestodecreasethechemicalriskofhospitalwastewaterandurine AT salvadorcotillas electrochemicaltechnologiestodecreasethechemicalriskofhospitalwastewaterandurine AT engracialacasa electrochemicaltechnologiestodecreasethechemicalriskofhospitalwastewaterandurine AT pablocanizares electrochemicaltechnologiestodecreasethechemicalriskofhospitalwastewaterandurine AT manuelarodrigo electrochemicaltechnologiestodecreasethechemicalriskofhospitalwastewaterandurine AT cristinasaez electrochemicaltechnologiestodecreasethechemicalriskofhospitalwastewaterandurine
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Electrochemical Technologies to Decrease the Chemical Risk of Hospital Wastewater and Urine

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