Chemical characterization of the adhesive secretions of the salamander Plethodon shermani (Caudata, Plethodontidae)

Abstract Salamanders have developed a wide variety of antipredator mechanisms, including tail autotomy, colour patterns, and noxious skin secretions. As an addition to these tactics, the red-legged salamander (Plethodon shermani) uses adhesive secretions as part of its defensive strategy. The high b...

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Autores principales:	Janek von Byern, Ingo Grunwald, Max Kosok, Ralph A. Saporito, Ursula Dicke, Oliver Wetjen, Karsten Thiel, Kai Borcherding, Thomas Kowalik, Martina Marchetti-Deschmann
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2017
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/5f772eb2c0854d05a57fca39be1c7e7b
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:5f772eb2c0854d05a57fca39be1c7e7b2021-12-02T16:08:22ZChemical characterization of the adhesive secretions of the salamander Plethodon shermani (Caudata, Plethodontidae)10.1038/s41598-017-05473-z2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/5f772eb2c0854d05a57fca39be1c7e7b2017-07-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-05473-zhttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Salamanders have developed a wide variety of antipredator mechanisms, including tail autotomy, colour patterns, and noxious skin secretions. As an addition to these tactics, the red-legged salamander (Plethodon shermani) uses adhesive secretions as part of its defensive strategy. The high bonding strength, the fast-curing nature, and the composition of the biobased materials makes salamander adhesives interesting for practical applications in the medical sector. To understand the adhesive secretions of P. shermani, its components were chemically analysed by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), amino acid analysis, and spectroscopy (ATR-IR, Raman). In addition, proteins were separated by gel-electrophoresis and selected spots were characterised by peptide mass fingerprinting. The salamander secretion contains a high amount of water and predominantly proteins (around 77% in the dry stage). The gel-electrophoresis and peptide mass fingerprint analyses revealed a de novo set of peptides/proteins, largely with a pI between 5.0 and 8.0 and a molecular mass distribution between 10 and 170 kDa. Only low homologies with other proteins present in known databases could be identified. The results indicate that the secretions of the salamander Plethodon clearly differ chemically from those shown for other glue-producing terrestrial or marine species and thus represent a unique glue system.Janek von ByernIngo GrunwaldMax KosokRalph A. SaporitoUrsula DickeOliver WetjenKarsten ThielKai BorcherdingThomas KowalikMartina Marchetti-DeschmannNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 7, Iss 1, Pp 1-13 (2017)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Janek von Byern Ingo Grunwald Max Kosok Ralph A. Saporito Ursula Dicke Oliver Wetjen Karsten Thiel Kai Borcherding Thomas Kowalik Martina Marchetti-Deschmann Chemical characterization of the adhesive secretions of the salamander Plethodon shermani (Caudata, Plethodontidae)
description	Abstract Salamanders have developed a wide variety of antipredator mechanisms, including tail autotomy, colour patterns, and noxious skin secretions. As an addition to these tactics, the red-legged salamander (Plethodon shermani) uses adhesive secretions as part of its defensive strategy. The high bonding strength, the fast-curing nature, and the composition of the biobased materials makes salamander adhesives interesting for practical applications in the medical sector. To understand the adhesive secretions of P. shermani, its components were chemically analysed by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), amino acid analysis, and spectroscopy (ATR-IR, Raman). In addition, proteins were separated by gel-electrophoresis and selected spots were characterised by peptide mass fingerprinting. The salamander secretion contains a high amount of water and predominantly proteins (around 77% in the dry stage). The gel-electrophoresis and peptide mass fingerprint analyses revealed a de novo set of peptides/proteins, largely with a pI between 5.0 and 8.0 and a molecular mass distribution between 10 and 170 kDa. Only low homologies with other proteins present in known databases could be identified. The results indicate that the secretions of the salamander Plethodon clearly differ chemically from those shown for other glue-producing terrestrial or marine species and thus represent a unique glue system.
format	article
author	Janek von Byern Ingo Grunwald Max Kosok Ralph A. Saporito Ursula Dicke Oliver Wetjen Karsten Thiel Kai Borcherding Thomas Kowalik Martina Marchetti-Deschmann
author_facet	Janek von Byern Ingo Grunwald Max Kosok Ralph A. Saporito Ursula Dicke Oliver Wetjen Karsten Thiel Kai Borcherding Thomas Kowalik Martina Marchetti-Deschmann
author_sort	Janek von Byern
title	Chemical characterization of the adhesive secretions of the salamander Plethodon shermani (Caudata, Plethodontidae)
title_short	Chemical characterization of the adhesive secretions of the salamander Plethodon shermani (Caudata, Plethodontidae)
title_full	Chemical characterization of the adhesive secretions of the salamander Plethodon shermani (Caudata, Plethodontidae)
title_fullStr	Chemical characterization of the adhesive secretions of the salamander Plethodon shermani (Caudata, Plethodontidae)
title_full_unstemmed	Chemical characterization of the adhesive secretions of the salamander Plethodon shermani (Caudata, Plethodontidae)
title_sort	chemical characterization of the adhesive secretions of the salamander plethodon shermani (caudata, plethodontidae)
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2017
url	https://doaj.org/article/5f772eb2c0854d05a57fca39be1c7e7b
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Chemical characterization of the adhesive secretions of the salamander Plethodon shermani (Caudata, Plethodontidae)

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