$Mycobacterium cell wall fraction immunostimulant (AMPLIMUNE™) efficacy in the reduction of the severity of ETEC induced diarrhea in neonatal calves$
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Mycobacterium cell wall fraction immunostimulant (AMPLIMUNE™) efficacy in the reduction of the severity of ETEC induced diarrhea in neonatal calves

Calf diarrhea is a common disease in young animals and the primary cause of productivity and economic losses to cattle producers worldwide. According to the report from the National Animal Health Monitoring System for U.S. dairy, more than fifty percent of the deaths of un-weaned calves is attribute...

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Autores principales:	Romanowski Radoslaw, Culbert Rick, Alkemade Stan, Medellin-Peña Maira J., Bugarski Dejan, Milovanovic Aleksandar, Nesic Sladjan, Masic Aleksandar
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Sciendo 2017
Materias:	calf diarrhea etec mcwf neonatal Veterinary medicine SF600-1100
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/5f9165756f2f40d7aac4545fa602987e
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:5f9165756f2f40d7aac4545fa602987e2021-11-17T21:27:51ZMycobacterium cell wall fraction immunostimulant (AMPLIMUNE™) efficacy in the reduction of the severity of ETEC induced diarrhea in neonatal calves1820-744810.1515/acve-2017-0019https://doaj.org/article/5f9165756f2f40d7aac4545fa602987e2017-06-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1515/acve-2017-0019https://doaj.org/toc/1820-7448Calf diarrhea is a common disease in young animals and the primary cause of productivity and economic losses to cattle producers worldwide. According to the report from the National Animal Health Monitoring System for U.S. dairy, more than fifty percent of the deaths of un-weaned calves is attributed to severe diarrhea. Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) strain K99+ remains the most common pathogen isolated from calves which are younger than three days of age. Dam vaccination and the use of antimicrobials remain the most used prophylactic and treatment options for calf diarrhea. The rise in antibiotic resistance around the world has been a major concern and new alternative therapies have been explored. Mycobacterium Cell Wall Fraction (MCWF) is a biological immunomodulator that has a potential in multiple veterinary health services such as the treatment and prevention of infectious diseases and anticancer therapy in both small and large animals. The efficacy of the MCWF in reducing the severity of neonatal calf diarrhea and its associated mortality, following challenge with ETEC K99+ was evaluated. Twenty-three calves were placed into two experimental groups. Eleven calves received a single 1 mL dose of MCWF intravenously (IV) at the onset of clinical signs of disease following challenge. Twelve non-treated, challenged calves were retained as controls. The severity and duration of diarrhea was significantly reduced in the MCWF treated group compared to untreated controls. In addition, the mortality rate in the MCWF treated group was significantly reduced to 10% while the observed mortality in the control group reached 58%. Data from the current study suggest that MCWF could be used as an alternative treatment to reduce the severity, duration and mortality of ETEC induced diarrhea in neonatal calves.Romanowski RadoslawCulbert RickAlkemade StanMedellin-Peña Maira J.Bugarski DejanMilovanovic AleksandarNesic SladjanMasic AleksandarSciendoarticlecalf diarrheaetecmcwfneonatalVeterinary medicineSF600-1100ENActa Veterinaria, Vol 67, Iss 2, Pp 222-237 (2017)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	calf diarrhea etec mcwf neonatal Veterinary medicine SF600-1100
spellingShingle	calf diarrhea etec mcwf neonatal Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Romanowski Radoslaw Culbert Rick Alkemade Stan Medellin-Peña Maira J. Bugarski Dejan Milovanovic Aleksandar Nesic Sladjan Masic Aleksandar Mycobacterium cell wall fraction immunostimulant (AMPLIMUNE™) efficacy in the reduction of the severity of ETEC induced diarrhea in neonatal calves
description	Calf diarrhea is a common disease in young animals and the primary cause of productivity and economic losses to cattle producers worldwide. According to the report from the National Animal Health Monitoring System for U.S. dairy, more than fifty percent of the deaths of un-weaned calves is attributed to severe diarrhea. Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) strain K99+ remains the most common pathogen isolated from calves which are younger than three days of age. Dam vaccination and the use of antimicrobials remain the most used prophylactic and treatment options for calf diarrhea. The rise in antibiotic resistance around the world has been a major concern and new alternative therapies have been explored. Mycobacterium Cell Wall Fraction (MCWF) is a biological immunomodulator that has a potential in multiple veterinary health services such as the treatment and prevention of infectious diseases and anticancer therapy in both small and large animals. The efficacy of the MCWF in reducing the severity of neonatal calf diarrhea and its associated mortality, following challenge with ETEC K99+ was evaluated. Twenty-three calves were placed into two experimental groups. Eleven calves received a single 1 mL dose of MCWF intravenously (IV) at the onset of clinical signs of disease following challenge. Twelve non-treated, challenged calves were retained as controls. The severity and duration of diarrhea was significantly reduced in the MCWF treated group compared to untreated controls. In addition, the mortality rate in the MCWF treated group was significantly reduced to 10% while the observed mortality in the control group reached 58%. Data from the current study suggest that MCWF could be used as an alternative treatment to reduce the severity, duration and mortality of ETEC induced diarrhea in neonatal calves.
format	article
author	Romanowski Radoslaw Culbert Rick Alkemade Stan Medellin-Peña Maira J. Bugarski Dejan Milovanovic Aleksandar Nesic Sladjan Masic Aleksandar
author_facet	Romanowski Radoslaw Culbert Rick Alkemade Stan Medellin-Peña Maira J. Bugarski Dejan Milovanovic Aleksandar Nesic Sladjan Masic Aleksandar
author_sort	Romanowski Radoslaw
title	Mycobacterium cell wall fraction immunostimulant (AMPLIMUNE™) efficacy in the reduction of the severity of ETEC induced diarrhea in neonatal calves
title_short	Mycobacterium cell wall fraction immunostimulant (AMPLIMUNE™) efficacy in the reduction of the severity of ETEC induced diarrhea in neonatal calves
title_full	Mycobacterium cell wall fraction immunostimulant (AMPLIMUNE™) efficacy in the reduction of the severity of ETEC induced diarrhea in neonatal calves
title_fullStr	Mycobacterium cell wall fraction immunostimulant (AMPLIMUNE™) efficacy in the reduction of the severity of ETEC induced diarrhea in neonatal calves
title_full_unstemmed	Mycobacterium cell wall fraction immunostimulant (AMPLIMUNE™) efficacy in the reduction of the severity of ETEC induced diarrhea in neonatal calves
title_sort	mycobacterium cell wall fraction immunostimulant (amplimune™) efficacy in the reduction of the severity of etec induced diarrhea in neonatal calves
publisher	Sciendo
publishDate	2017
url	https://doaj.org/article/5f9165756f2f40d7aac4545fa602987e
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Mycobacterium cell wall fraction immunostimulant (AMPLIMUNE™) efficacy in the reduction of the severity of ETEC induced diarrhea in neonatal calves

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