An Optimal Transport Based Transferable System for Detection of Erroneous Somato-Sensory Feedback from Neural Signals

This study is aimed at the detection of single-trial feedback, perceived as erroneous by the user, using a transferable classification system while conducting a motor imagery brain–computer interfacing (BCI) task. The feedback received by the users are relayed from a functional electrical stimulatio...

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Autores principales:	Saugat Bhattacharyya, Mitsuhiro Hayashibe
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	brain–computer interfacing error related potential functional electrical stimulation somato-sensory feedback optimal transport transfer learning Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/5f944cc9a41f4c8cb8679b72c2c550ef
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:5f944cc9a41f4c8cb8679b72c2c550ef2021-11-25T16:56:26ZAn Optimal Transport Based Transferable System for Detection of Erroneous Somato-Sensory Feedback from Neural Signals10.3390/brainsci111113932076-3425https://doaj.org/article/5f944cc9a41f4c8cb8679b72c2c550ef2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/11/11/1393https://doaj.org/toc/2076-3425This study is aimed at the detection of single-trial feedback, perceived as erroneous by the user, using a transferable classification system while conducting a motor imagery brain–computer interfacing (BCI) task. The feedback received by the users are relayed from a functional electrical stimulation (FES) device and hence are somato-sensory in nature. The BCI system designed for this study activates an electrical stimulator placed on the left hand, right hand, left foot, and right foot of the user. Trials containing erroneous feedback can be detected from the neural signals in form of the error related potential (ErrP). The inclusion of neuro-feedback during the experiments indicated the possibility that ErrP signals can be evoked when the participant perceives an error from the feedback. Hence, to detect such feedback using ErrP, a transferable (offline) decoder based on optimal transport theory is introduced herein. The offline system detects single-trial erroneous trials from the feedback period of an online neuro-feedback BCI system. The results of the FES-based feedback BCI system were compared to a similar visual-based (VIS) feedback system. Using our framework, the error detector systems for both the FES and VIS feedback paradigms achieved an F1-score of 92.66% and 83.10%, respectively, and are significantly superior to a comparative system where an optimal transport was not used. It is expected that this form of transferable and automated error detection system compounded with a motor imagery system will augment the performance of a BCI and provide a better BCI-based neuro-rehabilitation protocol that has an error control mechanism embedded into it.Saugat BhattacharyyaMitsuhiro HayashibeMDPI AGarticlebrain–computer interfacingerror related potentialfunctional electrical stimulationsomato-sensory feedbackoptimal transporttransfer learningNeurosciences. Biological psychiatry. NeuropsychiatryRC321-571ENBrain Sciences, Vol 11, Iss 1393, p 1393 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	brain–computer interfacing error related potential functional electrical stimulation somato-sensory feedback optimal transport transfer learning Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571
spellingShingle	brain–computer interfacing error related potential functional electrical stimulation somato-sensory feedback optimal transport transfer learning Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Saugat Bhattacharyya Mitsuhiro Hayashibe An Optimal Transport Based Transferable System for Detection of Erroneous Somato-Sensory Feedback from Neural Signals
description	This study is aimed at the detection of single-trial feedback, perceived as erroneous by the user, using a transferable classification system while conducting a motor imagery brain–computer interfacing (BCI) task. The feedback received by the users are relayed from a functional electrical stimulation (FES) device and hence are somato-sensory in nature. The BCI system designed for this study activates an electrical stimulator placed on the left hand, right hand, left foot, and right foot of the user. Trials containing erroneous feedback can be detected from the neural signals in form of the error related potential (ErrP). The inclusion of neuro-feedback during the experiments indicated the possibility that ErrP signals can be evoked when the participant perceives an error from the feedback. Hence, to detect such feedback using ErrP, a transferable (offline) decoder based on optimal transport theory is introduced herein. The offline system detects single-trial erroneous trials from the feedback period of an online neuro-feedback BCI system. The results of the FES-based feedback BCI system were compared to a similar visual-based (VIS) feedback system. Using our framework, the error detector systems for both the FES and VIS feedback paradigms achieved an F1-score of 92.66% and 83.10%, respectively, and are significantly superior to a comparative system where an optimal transport was not used. It is expected that this form of transferable and automated error detection system compounded with a motor imagery system will augment the performance of a BCI and provide a better BCI-based neuro-rehabilitation protocol that has an error control mechanism embedded into it.
format	article
author	Saugat Bhattacharyya Mitsuhiro Hayashibe
author_facet	Saugat Bhattacharyya Mitsuhiro Hayashibe
author_sort	Saugat Bhattacharyya
title	An Optimal Transport Based Transferable System for Detection of Erroneous Somato-Sensory Feedback from Neural Signals
title_short	An Optimal Transport Based Transferable System for Detection of Erroneous Somato-Sensory Feedback from Neural Signals
title_full	An Optimal Transport Based Transferable System for Detection of Erroneous Somato-Sensory Feedback from Neural Signals
title_fullStr	An Optimal Transport Based Transferable System for Detection of Erroneous Somato-Sensory Feedback from Neural Signals
title_full_unstemmed	An Optimal Transport Based Transferable System for Detection of Erroneous Somato-Sensory Feedback from Neural Signals
title_sort	optimal transport based transferable system for detection of erroneous somato-sensory feedback from neural signals
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/5f944cc9a41f4c8cb8679b72c2c550ef
work_keys_str_mv	AT saugatbhattacharyya anoptimaltransportbasedtransferablesystemfordetectionoferroneoussomatosensoryfeedbackfromneuralsignals AT mitsuhirohayashibe anoptimaltransportbasedtransferablesystemfordetectionoferroneoussomatosensoryfeedbackfromneuralsignals AT saugatbhattacharyya optimaltransportbasedtransferablesystemfordetectionoferroneoussomatosensoryfeedbackfromneuralsignals AT mitsuhirohayashibe optimaltransportbasedtransferablesystemfordetectionoferroneoussomatosensoryfeedbackfromneuralsignals
_version_	1718412838711590912

An Optimal Transport Based Transferable System for Detection of Erroneous Somato-Sensory Feedback from Neural Signals

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