Glia-Driven Brain Circuit Refinement Is Altered by Early-Life Adversity: Behavioral Outcomes

Early-life adversity (ELA), often clinically referred to as “adverse childhood experiences (ACE),” is the exposure to stress-inducing events in childhood that can result in poor health outcomes. ELA negatively affects neurodevelopment in children and adolescents resulting in several behavioral defic...

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Autores principales:	Katrina A. Milbocker, Taylor S. Campbell, Nicholas Collins, SuHyeong Kim, Ian F. Smith, Tania L. Roth, Anna Y. Klintsova
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	early-life adversity synaptic pruning myelination hippocampus prefrontal cortex behavioral impairment Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/5fc774410491465980997b76a1fcc5a3
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:5fc774410491465980997b76a1fcc5a32021-12-02T11:50:44ZGlia-Driven Brain Circuit Refinement Is Altered by Early-Life Adversity: Behavioral Outcomes1662-515310.3389/fnbeh.2021.786234https://doaj.org/article/5fc774410491465980997b76a1fcc5a32021-12-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnbeh.2021.786234/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/1662-5153Early-life adversity (ELA), often clinically referred to as “adverse childhood experiences (ACE),” is the exposure to stress-inducing events in childhood that can result in poor health outcomes. ELA negatively affects neurodevelopment in children and adolescents resulting in several behavioral deficits and increasing the risk of developing a myriad of neuropsychiatric disorders later in life. The neurobiological mechanisms by which ELA alters neurodevelopment in childhood have been the focus of numerous reviews. However, a comprehensive review of the mechanisms affecting adolescent neurodevelopment (i.e., synaptic pruning and myelination) is lacking. Synaptic pruning and myelination are glia-driven processes that are imperative for brain circuit refinement during the transition from adolescence to adulthood. Failure to optimize brain circuitry between key brain structures involved in learning and memory, such as the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex, leads to the emergence of maladaptive behaviors including increased anxiety or reduced executive function. As such, we review preclinical and clinical literature to explore the immediate and lasting effects of ELA on brain circuit development and refinement. Finally, we describe a number of therapeutic interventions best-suited to support adolescent neurodevelopment in children with a history of ELA.Katrina A. MilbockerTaylor S. CampbellNicholas CollinsSuHyeong KimIan F. SmithTania L. RothAnna Y. KlintsovaFrontiers Media S.A.articleearly-life adversitysynaptic pruningmyelinationhippocampusprefrontal cortexbehavioral impairmentNeurosciences. Biological psychiatry. NeuropsychiatryRC321-571ENFrontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, Vol 15 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	early-life adversity synaptic pruning myelination hippocampus prefrontal cortex behavioral impairment Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571
spellingShingle	early-life adversity synaptic pruning myelination hippocampus prefrontal cortex behavioral impairment Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Katrina A. Milbocker Taylor S. Campbell Nicholas Collins SuHyeong Kim Ian F. Smith Tania L. Roth Anna Y. Klintsova Glia-Driven Brain Circuit Refinement Is Altered by Early-Life Adversity: Behavioral Outcomes
description	Early-life adversity (ELA), often clinically referred to as “adverse childhood experiences (ACE),” is the exposure to stress-inducing events in childhood that can result in poor health outcomes. ELA negatively affects neurodevelopment in children and adolescents resulting in several behavioral deficits and increasing the risk of developing a myriad of neuropsychiatric disorders later in life. The neurobiological mechanisms by which ELA alters neurodevelopment in childhood have been the focus of numerous reviews. However, a comprehensive review of the mechanisms affecting adolescent neurodevelopment (i.e., synaptic pruning and myelination) is lacking. Synaptic pruning and myelination are glia-driven processes that are imperative for brain circuit refinement during the transition from adolescence to adulthood. Failure to optimize brain circuitry between key brain structures involved in learning and memory, such as the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex, leads to the emergence of maladaptive behaviors including increased anxiety or reduced executive function. As such, we review preclinical and clinical literature to explore the immediate and lasting effects of ELA on brain circuit development and refinement. Finally, we describe a number of therapeutic interventions best-suited to support adolescent neurodevelopment in children with a history of ELA.
format	article
author	Katrina A. Milbocker Taylor S. Campbell Nicholas Collins SuHyeong Kim Ian F. Smith Tania L. Roth Anna Y. Klintsova
author_facet	Katrina A. Milbocker Taylor S. Campbell Nicholas Collins SuHyeong Kim Ian F. Smith Tania L. Roth Anna Y. Klintsova
author_sort	Katrina A. Milbocker
title	Glia-Driven Brain Circuit Refinement Is Altered by Early-Life Adversity: Behavioral Outcomes
title_short	Glia-Driven Brain Circuit Refinement Is Altered by Early-Life Adversity: Behavioral Outcomes
title_full	Glia-Driven Brain Circuit Refinement Is Altered by Early-Life Adversity: Behavioral Outcomes
title_fullStr	Glia-Driven Brain Circuit Refinement Is Altered by Early-Life Adversity: Behavioral Outcomes
title_full_unstemmed	Glia-Driven Brain Circuit Refinement Is Altered by Early-Life Adversity: Behavioral Outcomes
title_sort	glia-driven brain circuit refinement is altered by early-life adversity: behavioral outcomes
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/5fc774410491465980997b76a1fcc5a3
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Glia-Driven Brain Circuit Refinement Is Altered by Early-Life Adversity: Behavioral Outcomes

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