Development of a local empirical model of ionospheric total electron content (TEC) and its application for studying solar-ionospheric effects

Abstract Regular and irregular variations in total electron content (TEC) are one of the most significant observables in ionospheric studies. During the solar cycle 24, the variability of ionosphere is studied using global positioning system derived TEC at a mid-latitude station, Tehran (35.70N, 51....

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Autores principales:	Pantea Davoudifar, Keihanak Rowshan Tabari, Amir Abbas Eslami Shafigh, Ali Ajabshirizadeh, Zahra Bagheri, Fakhredin Akbarian Tork Abad, Milad Shayan
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/5fc7d0aa8a5d4b4abfb009490c00fa48
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:5fc7d0aa8a5d4b4abfb009490c00fa482021-12-02T17:03:50ZDevelopment of a local empirical model of ionospheric total electron content (TEC) and its application for studying solar-ionospheric effects10.1038/s41598-021-93496-y2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/5fc7d0aa8a5d4b4abfb009490c00fa482021-07-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-93496-yhttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Regular and irregular variations in total electron content (TEC) are one of the most significant observables in ionospheric studies. During the solar cycle 24, the variability of ionosphere is studied using global positioning system derived TEC at a mid-latitude station, Tehran (35.70N, 51.33E). Based on solar radio flux and seasonal and local time-dependent features of TEC values, a semi-empirical model is developed to represent its monthly/hourly mean values. Observed values of TEC and the results of our semi-empirical model then are compared with estimated values of a standard plasmasphere–ionosphere model. The outcome of this model is an expected mean TEC value considering the monthly/hourly regular effects of solar origin. Thus, it is possible to use it for monitoring irregular effects induced by solar events. As a result, the connection of TEC variations with solar activities are studied for the case of coronal mass ejections accompanying extreme solar flares. TEC response to solar flares of class X is well reproduced by this model. Our resulting values show that the most powerful flares (i.e. class X) induce a variation of more than 20 percent in daily TEC extent.Pantea DavoudifarKeihanak Rowshan TabariAmir Abbas Eslami ShafighAli AjabshirizadehZahra BagheriFakhredin Akbarian Tork AbadMilad ShayanNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-17 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Pantea Davoudifar Keihanak Rowshan Tabari Amir Abbas Eslami Shafigh Ali Ajabshirizadeh Zahra Bagheri Fakhredin Akbarian Tork Abad Milad Shayan Development of a local empirical model of ionospheric total electron content (TEC) and its application for studying solar-ionospheric effects
description	Abstract Regular and irregular variations in total electron content (TEC) are one of the most significant observables in ionospheric studies. During the solar cycle 24, the variability of ionosphere is studied using global positioning system derived TEC at a mid-latitude station, Tehran (35.70N, 51.33E). Based on solar radio flux and seasonal and local time-dependent features of TEC values, a semi-empirical model is developed to represent its monthly/hourly mean values. Observed values of TEC and the results of our semi-empirical model then are compared with estimated values of a standard plasmasphere–ionosphere model. The outcome of this model is an expected mean TEC value considering the monthly/hourly regular effects of solar origin. Thus, it is possible to use it for monitoring irregular effects induced by solar events. As a result, the connection of TEC variations with solar activities are studied for the case of coronal mass ejections accompanying extreme solar flares. TEC response to solar flares of class X is well reproduced by this model. Our resulting values show that the most powerful flares (i.e. class X) induce a variation of more than 20 percent in daily TEC extent.
format	article
author	Pantea Davoudifar Keihanak Rowshan Tabari Amir Abbas Eslami Shafigh Ali Ajabshirizadeh Zahra Bagheri Fakhredin Akbarian Tork Abad Milad Shayan
author_facet	Pantea Davoudifar Keihanak Rowshan Tabari Amir Abbas Eslami Shafigh Ali Ajabshirizadeh Zahra Bagheri Fakhredin Akbarian Tork Abad Milad Shayan
author_sort	Pantea Davoudifar
title	Development of a local empirical model of ionospheric total electron content (TEC) and its application for studying solar-ionospheric effects
title_short	Development of a local empirical model of ionospheric total electron content (TEC) and its application for studying solar-ionospheric effects
title_full	Development of a local empirical model of ionospheric total electron content (TEC) and its application for studying solar-ionospheric effects
title_fullStr	Development of a local empirical model of ionospheric total electron content (TEC) and its application for studying solar-ionospheric effects
title_full_unstemmed	Development of a local empirical model of ionospheric total electron content (TEC) and its application for studying solar-ionospheric effects
title_sort	development of a local empirical model of ionospheric total electron content (tec) and its application for studying solar-ionospheric effects
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/5fc7d0aa8a5d4b4abfb009490c00fa48
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Development of a local empirical model of ionospheric total electron content (TEC) and its application for studying solar-ionospheric effects

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