Roughness of retinal layers in Alzheimer’s disease

Abstract There is growing evidence that thinned retinal regions are interspersed with thickened regions in all retinal layers of patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), causing roughness to appear on layer thickness maps. The hypothesis is that roughness of retinal layers, assessed by the fractal di...

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Autores principales:	Lucía Jáñez-García, Omar Bachtoula, Elena Salobrar-García, Rosa de Hoz, Ana I. Ramirez, Pedro Gil, José M. Ramirez, Luis Jáñez-Escalada
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/604d5243b396417bba85360f939993e9
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:604d5243b396417bba85360f939993e92021-12-02T17:50:57ZRoughness of retinal layers in Alzheimer’s disease10.1038/s41598-021-91097-32045-2322https://doaj.org/article/604d5243b396417bba85360f939993e92021-06-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-91097-3https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract There is growing evidence that thinned retinal regions are interspersed with thickened regions in all retinal layers of patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), causing roughness to appear on layer thickness maps. The hypothesis is that roughness of retinal layers, assessed by the fractal dimension (FD) of their thickness maps, is an early biomarker of AD. Ten retinal layers have been studied in macular volumes of optical coherence tomography from 24 healthy volunteers and 19 patients with mild AD (Mini-Mental State Examination 23.42 ± 3.11). Results show that FD of retinal layers is greater in the AD group, the differences being statistically significant (p < 0.05). Correlation of layer FD with cognitive score, visual acuity and age reach statistical significance at 7 layers. Nearly all (44 out of 45) FD correlations among layers are positive and half of them reached statistical significance (p < 0.05). Factor analysis unveiled two independent factors identified as the dysregulation of the choroidal vascular network and the retinal inflammatory process. Conclusions: surface roughness is a holistic feature of retinal layers that can be assessed by the FD of their thickness maps and it is an early biomarker of AD.Lucía Jáñez-GarcíaOmar BachtoulaElena Salobrar-GarcíaRosa de HozAna I. RamirezPedro GilJosé M. RamirezLuis Jáñez-EscaladaNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-13 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Lucía Jáñez-García Omar Bachtoula Elena Salobrar-García Rosa de Hoz Ana I. Ramirez Pedro Gil José M. Ramirez Luis Jáñez-Escalada Roughness of retinal layers in Alzheimer’s disease
description	Abstract There is growing evidence that thinned retinal regions are interspersed with thickened regions in all retinal layers of patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), causing roughness to appear on layer thickness maps. The hypothesis is that roughness of retinal layers, assessed by the fractal dimension (FD) of their thickness maps, is an early biomarker of AD. Ten retinal layers have been studied in macular volumes of optical coherence tomography from 24 healthy volunteers and 19 patients with mild AD (Mini-Mental State Examination 23.42 ± 3.11). Results show that FD of retinal layers is greater in the AD group, the differences being statistically significant (p < 0.05). Correlation of layer FD with cognitive score, visual acuity and age reach statistical significance at 7 layers. Nearly all (44 out of 45) FD correlations among layers are positive and half of them reached statistical significance (p < 0.05). Factor analysis unveiled two independent factors identified as the dysregulation of the choroidal vascular network and the retinal inflammatory process. Conclusions: surface roughness is a holistic feature of retinal layers that can be assessed by the FD of their thickness maps and it is an early biomarker of AD.
format	article
author	Lucía Jáñez-García Omar Bachtoula Elena Salobrar-García Rosa de Hoz Ana I. Ramirez Pedro Gil José M. Ramirez Luis Jáñez-Escalada
author_facet	Lucía Jáñez-García Omar Bachtoula Elena Salobrar-García Rosa de Hoz Ana I. Ramirez Pedro Gil José M. Ramirez Luis Jáñez-Escalada
author_sort	Lucía Jáñez-García
title	Roughness of retinal layers in Alzheimer’s disease
title_short	Roughness of retinal layers in Alzheimer’s disease
title_full	Roughness of retinal layers in Alzheimer’s disease
title_fullStr	Roughness of retinal layers in Alzheimer’s disease
title_full_unstemmed	Roughness of retinal layers in Alzheimer’s disease
title_sort	roughness of retinal layers in alzheimer’s disease
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/604d5243b396417bba85360f939993e9
work_keys_str_mv	AT luciajanezgarcia roughnessofretinallayersinalzheimersdisease AT omarbachtoula roughnessofretinallayersinalzheimersdisease AT elenasalobrargarcia roughnessofretinallayersinalzheimersdisease AT rosadehoz roughnessofretinallayersinalzheimersdisease AT anairamirez roughnessofretinallayersinalzheimersdisease AT pedrogil roughnessofretinallayersinalzheimersdisease AT josemramirez roughnessofretinallayersinalzheimersdisease AT luisjanezescalada roughnessofretinallayersinalzheimersdisease
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Roughness of retinal layers in Alzheimer’s disease

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