A Glucose Sensing System Based on Transmission Measurements at Millimetre Waves using Micro strip Patch Antennas

Abstract We present a sensing system operating at millimetre (mm) waves in transmission mode that can measure glucose level changes based on the complex permittivity changes across the signal path. The permittivity of a sample can change significantly as the concentration of one of its substances va...

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Autores principales:	Shimul Saha, Helena Cano-Garcia, Ioannis Sotiriou, Oliver Lipscombe, Ioannis Gouzouasis, Maria Koutsoupidou, George Palikaras, Richard Mackenzie, Thomas Reeve, Panagiotis Kosmas, Efthymios Kallos
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2017
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/6058f08b2322453ba445e117b0e5ec14
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:6058f08b2322453ba445e117b0e5ec142021-12-02T15:05:23ZA Glucose Sensing System Based on Transmission Measurements at Millimetre Waves using Micro strip Patch Antennas10.1038/s41598-017-06926-12045-2322https://doaj.org/article/6058f08b2322453ba445e117b0e5ec142017-07-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-06926-1https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract We present a sensing system operating at millimetre (mm) waves in transmission mode that can measure glucose level changes based on the complex permittivity changes across the signal path. The permittivity of a sample can change significantly as the concentration of one of its substances varies: for example, blood permittivity depends on the blood glucose levels. The proposed sensing system uses two facing microstrip patch antennas operating at 60 GHz, which are placed across interrogated samples. The measured transmission coefficient depends on the permittivity change along the signal path, which can be correlated to the change in concentration of a substance. Along with theoretical estimations, we experimentally demonstrate the sensing performance of the system using controlled laboratory samples, such as water-based glucose-loaded liquid samples. We also present results of successful glucose spike detection in humans during an in-vivo Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Test (IVGTT). The system could eventually be developed into a non-invasive glucose monitor for continuous monitoring of glucose levels for people living with diabetes, as it can detect as small as 1.33 mmol/l (0.025 wt%) glucose concentrations in the controlled water-based samples satisfactorily, which is well below the typical human glucose levels of 4 mmol/l.Shimul SahaHelena Cano-GarciaIoannis SotiriouOliver LipscombeIoannis GouzouasisMaria KoutsoupidouGeorge PalikarasRichard MackenzieThomas ReevePanagiotis KosmasEfthymios KallosNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 7, Iss 1, Pp 1-11 (2017)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Shimul Saha Helena Cano-Garcia Ioannis Sotiriou Oliver Lipscombe Ioannis Gouzouasis Maria Koutsoupidou George Palikaras Richard Mackenzie Thomas Reeve Panagiotis Kosmas Efthymios Kallos A Glucose Sensing System Based on Transmission Measurements at Millimetre Waves using Micro strip Patch Antennas
description	Abstract We present a sensing system operating at millimetre (mm) waves in transmission mode that can measure glucose level changes based on the complex permittivity changes across the signal path. The permittivity of a sample can change significantly as the concentration of one of its substances varies: for example, blood permittivity depends on the blood glucose levels. The proposed sensing system uses two facing microstrip patch antennas operating at 60 GHz, which are placed across interrogated samples. The measured transmission coefficient depends on the permittivity change along the signal path, which can be correlated to the change in concentration of a substance. Along with theoretical estimations, we experimentally demonstrate the sensing performance of the system using controlled laboratory samples, such as water-based glucose-loaded liquid samples. We also present results of successful glucose spike detection in humans during an in-vivo Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Test (IVGTT). The system could eventually be developed into a non-invasive glucose monitor for continuous monitoring of glucose levels for people living with diabetes, as it can detect as small as 1.33 mmol/l (0.025 wt%) glucose concentrations in the controlled water-based samples satisfactorily, which is well below the typical human glucose levels of 4 mmol/l.
format	article
author	Shimul Saha Helena Cano-Garcia Ioannis Sotiriou Oliver Lipscombe Ioannis Gouzouasis Maria Koutsoupidou George Palikaras Richard Mackenzie Thomas Reeve Panagiotis Kosmas Efthymios Kallos
author_facet	Shimul Saha Helena Cano-Garcia Ioannis Sotiriou Oliver Lipscombe Ioannis Gouzouasis Maria Koutsoupidou George Palikaras Richard Mackenzie Thomas Reeve Panagiotis Kosmas Efthymios Kallos
author_sort	Shimul Saha
title	A Glucose Sensing System Based on Transmission Measurements at Millimetre Waves using Micro strip Patch Antennas
title_short	A Glucose Sensing System Based on Transmission Measurements at Millimetre Waves using Micro strip Patch Antennas
title_full	A Glucose Sensing System Based on Transmission Measurements at Millimetre Waves using Micro strip Patch Antennas
title_fullStr	A Glucose Sensing System Based on Transmission Measurements at Millimetre Waves using Micro strip Patch Antennas
title_full_unstemmed	A Glucose Sensing System Based on Transmission Measurements at Millimetre Waves using Micro strip Patch Antennas
title_sort	glucose sensing system based on transmission measurements at millimetre waves using micro strip patch antennas
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2017
url	https://doaj.org/article/6058f08b2322453ba445e117b0e5ec14
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A Glucose Sensing System Based on Transmission Measurements at Millimetre Waves using Micro strip Patch Antennas

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