Spatial distribution and risk factors for human cysticercosis in Colombia

Abstract Background Cysticercosis is a zoonotic neglected tropical disease (NTD) that affects humans and pigs following the ingestion of Taenia solium eggs. Human cysticercosis poses a substantial public health burden in endemic countries. The World Health Organization (WHO) aims to target high-ende...

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Autores principales:	Erika Galipó, Matthew A. Dixon, Claudio Fronterrè, Zulma M. Cucunubá, Maria-Gloria Basáñez, Kim Stevens, Astrid Carolina Flórez Sánchez, Martin Walker
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	BMC 2021
Materias:	Taenia solium Cysticercosis Risk factors Spatial analysis Geostatistics Colombia Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/606d194aaaa94a8a8e3e5a8042af8481
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:606d194aaaa94a8a8e3e5a8042af84812021-11-28T12:22:52ZSpatial distribution and risk factors for human cysticercosis in Colombia10.1186/s13071-021-05092-81756-3305https://doaj.org/article/606d194aaaa94a8a8e3e5a8042af84812021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-021-05092-8https://doaj.org/toc/1756-3305Abstract Background Cysticercosis is a zoonotic neglected tropical disease (NTD) that affects humans and pigs following the ingestion of Taenia solium eggs. Human cysticercosis poses a substantial public health burden in endemic countries. The World Health Organization (WHO) aims to target high-endemicity settings with enhanced interventions in 17 countries by 2030. Between 2008 and 2010, Colombia undertook a national baseline serosurvey of unprecedented scale, which led to an estimated seroprevalence of T. solium cysticercus antibodies among the general population of 8.6%. Here, we use contemporary geostatistical approaches to analyse this unique dataset with the aim of understanding the spatial distribution and risk factors associated with human cysticercosis in Colombia to inform how best to target intervention strategies. Methods We used a geostatistical model to estimate individual and household risk factors associated with seropositivity to T. solium cysticercus antibodies from 29,253 people from 133 municipalities in Colombia. We used both independent and spatially structured random effects at neighbourhood/village and municipality levels to account for potential clustering of exposure to T. solium. We present estimates of the distribution and residual correlation of seropositivity at the municipality level. Results High seroprevalence was identified in municipalities located in the north and south of Colombia, with spatial correlation in seropositivity estimated up to approximately 140 km. Statistically significant risk factors associated with seropositivity to T. solium cysticercus were related to age, sex, educational level, socioeconomic status, use of rainwater, consumption of partially cooked/raw pork meat and possession of dogs. Conclusions In Colombia, the distribution of human cysticercosis is influenced by socioeconomic considerations, education and environmental factors related to the spread of T. solium eggs. This information can be used to tailor national intervention strategies, such as targeting spatial hotspots and more highly exposed groups, including displaced people and women. Large-scale seroprevalence surveys accompanied by geospatial mapping are an essential step towards reaching the WHO’s 2021‒2030 NTD roadmap targets. Graphical AbstractErika GalipóMatthew A. DixonClaudio FronterrèZulma M. CucunubáMaria-Gloria BasáñezKim StevensAstrid Carolina Flórez SánchezMartin WalkerBMCarticleTaenia soliumCysticercosisRisk factorsSpatial analysisGeostatisticsColombiaInfectious and parasitic diseasesRC109-216ENParasites & Vectors, Vol 14, Iss 1, Pp 1-15 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Taenia solium Cysticercosis Risk factors Spatial analysis Geostatistics Colombia Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216
spellingShingle	Taenia solium Cysticercosis Risk factors Spatial analysis Geostatistics Colombia Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 Erika Galipó Matthew A. Dixon Claudio Fronterrè Zulma M. Cucunubá Maria-Gloria Basáñez Kim Stevens Astrid Carolina Flórez Sánchez Martin Walker Spatial distribution and risk factors for human cysticercosis in Colombia
description	Abstract Background Cysticercosis is a zoonotic neglected tropical disease (NTD) that affects humans and pigs following the ingestion of Taenia solium eggs. Human cysticercosis poses a substantial public health burden in endemic countries. The World Health Organization (WHO) aims to target high-endemicity settings with enhanced interventions in 17 countries by 2030. Between 2008 and 2010, Colombia undertook a national baseline serosurvey of unprecedented scale, which led to an estimated seroprevalence of T. solium cysticercus antibodies among the general population of 8.6%. Here, we use contemporary geostatistical approaches to analyse this unique dataset with the aim of understanding the spatial distribution and risk factors associated with human cysticercosis in Colombia to inform how best to target intervention strategies. Methods We used a geostatistical model to estimate individual and household risk factors associated with seropositivity to T. solium cysticercus antibodies from 29,253 people from 133 municipalities in Colombia. We used both independent and spatially structured random effects at neighbourhood/village and municipality levels to account for potential clustering of exposure to T. solium. We present estimates of the distribution and residual correlation of seropositivity at the municipality level. Results High seroprevalence was identified in municipalities located in the north and south of Colombia, with spatial correlation in seropositivity estimated up to approximately 140 km. Statistically significant risk factors associated with seropositivity to T. solium cysticercus were related to age, sex, educational level, socioeconomic status, use of rainwater, consumption of partially cooked/raw pork meat and possession of dogs. Conclusions In Colombia, the distribution of human cysticercosis is influenced by socioeconomic considerations, education and environmental factors related to the spread of T. solium eggs. This information can be used to tailor national intervention strategies, such as targeting spatial hotspots and more highly exposed groups, including displaced people and women. Large-scale seroprevalence surveys accompanied by geospatial mapping are an essential step towards reaching the WHO’s 2021‒2030 NTD roadmap targets. Graphical Abstract
format	article
author	Erika Galipó Matthew A. Dixon Claudio Fronterrè Zulma M. Cucunubá Maria-Gloria Basáñez Kim Stevens Astrid Carolina Flórez Sánchez Martin Walker
author_facet	Erika Galipó Matthew A. Dixon Claudio Fronterrè Zulma M. Cucunubá Maria-Gloria Basáñez Kim Stevens Astrid Carolina Flórez Sánchez Martin Walker
author_sort	Erika Galipó
title	Spatial distribution and risk factors for human cysticercosis in Colombia
title_short	Spatial distribution and risk factors for human cysticercosis in Colombia
title_full	Spatial distribution and risk factors for human cysticercosis in Colombia
title_fullStr	Spatial distribution and risk factors for human cysticercosis in Colombia
title_full_unstemmed	Spatial distribution and risk factors for human cysticercosis in Colombia
title_sort	spatial distribution and risk factors for human cysticercosis in colombia
publisher	BMC
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/606d194aaaa94a8a8e3e5a8042af8481
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_version_	1718408018198003712

Spatial distribution and risk factors for human cysticercosis in Colombia

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