Observations of Gas-Phase Alkylamines at a Coastal Site in the East Mediterranean Atmosphere

Atmospheric amines are ubiquitous compounds in the atmosphere, having both natural and anthropogenic origin. Recently, they have been identified as important contributors to new particle formation in the atmosphere, but observations of their atmospheric concentrations are scarce. In the present stud...

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Autores principales:	Evangelia Tzitzikalaki, Nikos Kalivitis, Maria Kanakidou
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	alkylamines East Mediterranean gas-phase HPLC-MS new particle formation Meteorology. Climatology QC851-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/60c671d1d36f4a15afc0680090e701e2
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:60c671d1d36f4a15afc0680090e701e2
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:60c671d1d36f4a15afc0680090e701e22021-11-25T16:44:58ZObservations of Gas-Phase Alkylamines at a Coastal Site in the East Mediterranean Atmosphere10.3390/atmos121114542073-4433https://doaj.org/article/60c671d1d36f4a15afc0680090e701e22021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/12/11/1454https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4433Atmospheric amines are ubiquitous compounds in the atmosphere, having both natural and anthropogenic origin. Recently, they have been identified as important contributors to new particle formation in the atmosphere, but observations of their atmospheric concentrations are scarce. In the present study we introduce the first systematic long-term observations of gas-phase amines measurements in the East Mediterranean atmosphere. Air samples were collected at the Finokalia monitoring station of the University of Crete during a 3.5-year period from January 2013 to July 2016, and analyzed after extraction using a high-performance liquid chromatography triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. The detected alkylamines were the sum of dimethylamine and ethylamine (DMA+EA), trimethylamine (TMA), diethylamine (DEA) and triethylamine (TEA). DMA+EA and TMA were the most abundant alkylamines, with concentrations spanning from the detection limit to 78.0 and 69.8 pptv, and average concentrations of 7.8 ± 12.1 and 7.5 ± 12.4 pptv, respectively. Amines showed pronounced seasonal variability with DMA+EA and TMA concentrations being higher in winter. Statistical analysis of the observations showed different sources for each of the studied amines, except for DMA+ΕA and DEA that appear to have common sources in the region. This analysis points to a marine source of TMA and animal husbandry in the area as a potential source of TEA. None of the alkylamines is correlated with other anthropogenic sources. Furthermore, no clear association was found between the seasonality of NPF events and alkylamines concentrations, while a clear correlation was detected between the seasonality of nucleation mode particle (dp < 25 nm) number concentrations and alkylamine concentrations, indicating that amines may contribute to nucleation mode particles’ production.Evangelia TzitzikalakiNikos KalivitisMaria KanakidouMDPI AGarticlealkylaminesEast Mediterraneangas-phaseHPLC-MSnew particle formationMeteorology. ClimatologyQC851-999ENAtmosphere, Vol 12, Iss 1454, p 1454 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	alkylamines East Mediterranean gas-phase HPLC-MS new particle formation Meteorology. Climatology QC851-999
spellingShingle	alkylamines East Mediterranean gas-phase HPLC-MS new particle formation Meteorology. Climatology QC851-999 Evangelia Tzitzikalaki Nikos Kalivitis Maria Kanakidou Observations of Gas-Phase Alkylamines at a Coastal Site in the East Mediterranean Atmosphere
description	Atmospheric amines are ubiquitous compounds in the atmosphere, having both natural and anthropogenic origin. Recently, they have been identified as important contributors to new particle formation in the atmosphere, but observations of their atmospheric concentrations are scarce. In the present study we introduce the first systematic long-term observations of gas-phase amines measurements in the East Mediterranean atmosphere. Air samples were collected at the Finokalia monitoring station of the University of Crete during a 3.5-year period from January 2013 to July 2016, and analyzed after extraction using a high-performance liquid chromatography triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. The detected alkylamines were the sum of dimethylamine and ethylamine (DMA+EA), trimethylamine (TMA), diethylamine (DEA) and triethylamine (TEA). DMA+EA and TMA were the most abundant alkylamines, with concentrations spanning from the detection limit to 78.0 and 69.8 pptv, and average concentrations of 7.8 ± 12.1 and 7.5 ± 12.4 pptv, respectively. Amines showed pronounced seasonal variability with DMA+EA and TMA concentrations being higher in winter. Statistical analysis of the observations showed different sources for each of the studied amines, except for DMA+ΕA and DEA that appear to have common sources in the region. This analysis points to a marine source of TMA and animal husbandry in the area as a potential source of TEA. None of the alkylamines is correlated with other anthropogenic sources. Furthermore, no clear association was found between the seasonality of NPF events and alkylamines concentrations, while a clear correlation was detected between the seasonality of nucleation mode particle (dp < 25 nm) number concentrations and alkylamine concentrations, indicating that amines may contribute to nucleation mode particles’ production.
format	article
author	Evangelia Tzitzikalaki Nikos Kalivitis Maria Kanakidou
author_facet	Evangelia Tzitzikalaki Nikos Kalivitis Maria Kanakidou
author_sort	Evangelia Tzitzikalaki
title	Observations of Gas-Phase Alkylamines at a Coastal Site in the East Mediterranean Atmosphere
title_short	Observations of Gas-Phase Alkylamines at a Coastal Site in the East Mediterranean Atmosphere
title_full	Observations of Gas-Phase Alkylamines at a Coastal Site in the East Mediterranean Atmosphere
title_fullStr	Observations of Gas-Phase Alkylamines at a Coastal Site in the East Mediterranean Atmosphere
title_full_unstemmed	Observations of Gas-Phase Alkylamines at a Coastal Site in the East Mediterranean Atmosphere
title_sort	observations of gas-phase alkylamines at a coastal site in the east mediterranean atmosphere
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/60c671d1d36f4a15afc0680090e701e2
work_keys_str_mv	AT evangeliatzitzikalaki observationsofgasphasealkylaminesatacoastalsiteintheeastmediterraneanatmosphere AT nikoskalivitis observationsofgasphasealkylaminesatacoastalsiteintheeastmediterraneanatmosphere AT mariakanakidou observationsofgasphasealkylaminesatacoastalsiteintheeastmediterraneanatmosphere
_version_	1718413020377382912

Observations of Gas-Phase Alkylamines at a Coastal Site in the East Mediterranean Atmosphere

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