Beat perception in polyrhythms: Time is structured in binary units.

In everyday life, we group and subdivide time to understand the sensory environment surrounding us. Organizing time in units, such as diurnal rhythms, phrases, and beat patterns, is fundamental to behavior, speech, and music. When listening to music, our perceptual system extracts and nests rhythmic...

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Autores principales:	Cecilie Møller, Jan Stupacher, Alexandre Celma-Miralles, Peter Vuust
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/60dd448a4ee94baf8973e4a8a7133165
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:60dd448a4ee94baf8973e4a8a7133165
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:60dd448a4ee94baf8973e4a8a71331652021-12-02T20:17:43ZBeat perception in polyrhythms: Time is structured in binary units.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0252174https://doaj.org/article/60dd448a4ee94baf8973e4a8a71331652021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0252174https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203In everyday life, we group and subdivide time to understand the sensory environment surrounding us. Organizing time in units, such as diurnal rhythms, phrases, and beat patterns, is fundamental to behavior, speech, and music. When listening to music, our perceptual system extracts and nests rhythmic regularities to create a hierarchical metrical structure that enables us to predict the timing of the next events. Foot tapping and head bobbing to musical rhythms are observable evidence of this process. In the special case of polyrhythms, at least two metrical structures compete to become the reference for these temporal regularities, rendering several possible beats with which we can synchronize our movements. While there is general agreement that tempo, pitch, and loudness influence beat perception in polyrhythms, we focused on the yet neglected influence of beat subdivisions, i.e., the least common denominator of a polyrhythm ratio. In three online experiments, 300 participants listened to a range of polyrhythms and tapped their index fingers in time with the perceived beat. The polyrhythms consisted of two simultaneously presented isochronous pulse trains with different ratios (2:3, 2:5, 3:4, 3:5, 4:5, 5:6) and different tempi. For ratios 2:3 and 3:4, we additionally manipulated the pitch of the pulse trains. Results showed a highly robust influence of subdivision grouping on beat perception. This was manifested as a propensity towards beats that are subdivided into two or four equally spaced units, as opposed to beats with three or more complex groupings of subdivisions. Additionally, lower pitched pulse trains were more often perceived as the beat. Our findings suggest that subdivisions, not beats, are the basic unit of beat perception, and that the principle underlying the binary grouping of subdivisions reflects a propensity towards simplicity. This preference for simple grouping is widely applicable to human perception and cognition of time.Cecilie MøllerJan StupacherAlexandre Celma-MirallesPeter VuustPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 8, p e0252174 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Cecilie Møller Jan Stupacher Alexandre Celma-Miralles Peter Vuust Beat perception in polyrhythms: Time is structured in binary units.
description	In everyday life, we group and subdivide time to understand the sensory environment surrounding us. Organizing time in units, such as diurnal rhythms, phrases, and beat patterns, is fundamental to behavior, speech, and music. When listening to music, our perceptual system extracts and nests rhythmic regularities to create a hierarchical metrical structure that enables us to predict the timing of the next events. Foot tapping and head bobbing to musical rhythms are observable evidence of this process. In the special case of polyrhythms, at least two metrical structures compete to become the reference for these temporal regularities, rendering several possible beats with which we can synchronize our movements. While there is general agreement that tempo, pitch, and loudness influence beat perception in polyrhythms, we focused on the yet neglected influence of beat subdivisions, i.e., the least common denominator of a polyrhythm ratio. In three online experiments, 300 participants listened to a range of polyrhythms and tapped their index fingers in time with the perceived beat. The polyrhythms consisted of two simultaneously presented isochronous pulse trains with different ratios (2:3, 2:5, 3:4, 3:5, 4:5, 5:6) and different tempi. For ratios 2:3 and 3:4, we additionally manipulated the pitch of the pulse trains. Results showed a highly robust influence of subdivision grouping on beat perception. This was manifested as a propensity towards beats that are subdivided into two or four equally spaced units, as opposed to beats with three or more complex groupings of subdivisions. Additionally, lower pitched pulse trains were more often perceived as the beat. Our findings suggest that subdivisions, not beats, are the basic unit of beat perception, and that the principle underlying the binary grouping of subdivisions reflects a propensity towards simplicity. This preference for simple grouping is widely applicable to human perception and cognition of time.
format	article
author	Cecilie Møller Jan Stupacher Alexandre Celma-Miralles Peter Vuust
author_facet	Cecilie Møller Jan Stupacher Alexandre Celma-Miralles Peter Vuust
author_sort	Cecilie Møller
title	Beat perception in polyrhythms: Time is structured in binary units.
title_short	Beat perception in polyrhythms: Time is structured in binary units.
title_full	Beat perception in polyrhythms: Time is structured in binary units.
title_fullStr	Beat perception in polyrhythms: Time is structured in binary units.
title_full_unstemmed	Beat perception in polyrhythms: Time is structured in binary units.
title_sort	beat perception in polyrhythms: time is structured in binary units.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/60dd448a4ee94baf8973e4a8a7133165
work_keys_str_mv	AT ceciliemøller beatperceptioninpolyrhythmstimeisstructuredinbinaryunits AT janstupacher beatperceptioninpolyrhythmstimeisstructuredinbinaryunits AT alexandrecelmamiralles beatperceptioninpolyrhythmstimeisstructuredinbinaryunits AT petervuust beatperceptioninpolyrhythmstimeisstructuredinbinaryunits
_version_	1718374346629578752

Beat perception in polyrhythms: Time is structured in binary units.

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