Olivine Dissolution in Simulated Lung and Gastric Fluid as an Analog to the Behavior of Lunar Particulate Matter Inside the Human Respiratory and Gastrointestinal Systems

Abstract With the Artemis III mission scheduled to land humans on the Moon in 2025, work must be done to understand the hazards lunar dust inhalation would pose to humans. In this study, San Carlos olivine was used as an analog of lunar olivine, a common component of lunar dust. Olivine was dissolve...

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Autores principales:	Donald A. Hendrix, Joel A. Hurowitz, Timothy D. Glotch, Martin A. A. Schoonen
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Geophysical Union (AGU) 2021
Materias:	dust inhalation olivine lunar dust astronaut health simulated lung fluid Environmental protection TD169-171.8
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/60eea9023d1342b38af12cbfdecfcdc0
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:60eea9023d1342b38af12cbfdecfcdc02021-11-23T17:17:50ZOlivine Dissolution in Simulated Lung and Gastric Fluid as an Analog to the Behavior of Lunar Particulate Matter Inside the Human Respiratory and Gastrointestinal Systems2471-140310.1029/2021GH000491https://doaj.org/article/60eea9023d1342b38af12cbfdecfcdc02021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1029/2021GH000491https://doaj.org/toc/2471-1403Abstract With the Artemis III mission scheduled to land humans on the Moon in 2025, work must be done to understand the hazards lunar dust inhalation would pose to humans. In this study, San Carlos olivine was used as an analog of lunar olivine, a common component of lunar dust. Olivine was dissolved in a flow‐through apparatus in both simulated lung fluid and 0.1 M HCl (simulated gastric fluid) over a period of approximately 2 weeks at physiological temperature, 37°C. Effluent samples were collected periodically and analyzed for pH, iron, silicon, and magnesium ion concentrations. The dissolution rate data derived from our measurements allow us to estimate that an inhaled 1.0 μm diameter olivine particle would take approximately 24 years to dissolve in the human lungs and approximately 3 weeks to dissolve in gastric fluid. Results revealed that inhaled olivine particles may generate the toxic chemical, hydroxyl radical, for up to 5–6 days in lung fluid. Olivine dissolved in 0.1 M HCl for 2 weeks transformed to an amorphous silica‐rich solid plus the ferric iron oxy‐hydroxide ferrihydrite. Olivine dissolved in simulated lung fluid shows no detectable change in composition or crystallinity. Equilibrium thermodynamic models indicate that olivine in the human lungs can precipitate secondary minerals with fibrous crystal structures that have the potential to induce detrimental health effects similar to asbestos exposure. Our work indicates that inhaled lunar dust containing olivine can settle in the human lungs for years and could induce long‐term potential health effects like that of silicosis.Donald A. HendrixJoel A. HurowitzTimothy D. GlotchMartin A. A. SchoonenAmerican Geophysical Union (AGU)articledust inhalationolivinelunar dustastronauthealthsimulated lung fluidEnvironmental protectionTD169-171.8ENGeoHealth, Vol 5, Iss 11, Pp n/a-n/a (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	dust inhalation olivine lunar dust astronaut health simulated lung fluid Environmental protection TD169-171.8
spellingShingle	dust inhalation olivine lunar dust astronaut health simulated lung fluid Environmental protection TD169-171.8 Donald A. Hendrix Joel A. Hurowitz Timothy D. Glotch Martin A. A. Schoonen Olivine Dissolution in Simulated Lung and Gastric Fluid as an Analog to the Behavior of Lunar Particulate Matter Inside the Human Respiratory and Gastrointestinal Systems
description	Abstract With the Artemis III mission scheduled to land humans on the Moon in 2025, work must be done to understand the hazards lunar dust inhalation would pose to humans. In this study, San Carlos olivine was used as an analog of lunar olivine, a common component of lunar dust. Olivine was dissolved in a flow‐through apparatus in both simulated lung fluid and 0.1 M HCl (simulated gastric fluid) over a period of approximately 2 weeks at physiological temperature, 37°C. Effluent samples were collected periodically and analyzed for pH, iron, silicon, and magnesium ion concentrations. The dissolution rate data derived from our measurements allow us to estimate that an inhaled 1.0 μm diameter olivine particle would take approximately 24 years to dissolve in the human lungs and approximately 3 weeks to dissolve in gastric fluid. Results revealed that inhaled olivine particles may generate the toxic chemical, hydroxyl radical, for up to 5–6 days in lung fluid. Olivine dissolved in 0.1 M HCl for 2 weeks transformed to an amorphous silica‐rich solid plus the ferric iron oxy‐hydroxide ferrihydrite. Olivine dissolved in simulated lung fluid shows no detectable change in composition or crystallinity. Equilibrium thermodynamic models indicate that olivine in the human lungs can precipitate secondary minerals with fibrous crystal structures that have the potential to induce detrimental health effects similar to asbestos exposure. Our work indicates that inhaled lunar dust containing olivine can settle in the human lungs for years and could induce long‐term potential health effects like that of silicosis.
format	article
author	Donald A. Hendrix Joel A. Hurowitz Timothy D. Glotch Martin A. A. Schoonen
author_facet	Donald A. Hendrix Joel A. Hurowitz Timothy D. Glotch Martin A. A. Schoonen
author_sort	Donald A. Hendrix
title	Olivine Dissolution in Simulated Lung and Gastric Fluid as an Analog to the Behavior of Lunar Particulate Matter Inside the Human Respiratory and Gastrointestinal Systems
title_short	Olivine Dissolution in Simulated Lung and Gastric Fluid as an Analog to the Behavior of Lunar Particulate Matter Inside the Human Respiratory and Gastrointestinal Systems
title_full	Olivine Dissolution in Simulated Lung and Gastric Fluid as an Analog to the Behavior of Lunar Particulate Matter Inside the Human Respiratory and Gastrointestinal Systems
title_fullStr	Olivine Dissolution in Simulated Lung and Gastric Fluid as an Analog to the Behavior of Lunar Particulate Matter Inside the Human Respiratory and Gastrointestinal Systems
title_full_unstemmed	Olivine Dissolution in Simulated Lung and Gastric Fluid as an Analog to the Behavior of Lunar Particulate Matter Inside the Human Respiratory and Gastrointestinal Systems
title_sort	olivine dissolution in simulated lung and gastric fluid as an analog to the behavior of lunar particulate matter inside the human respiratory and gastrointestinal systems
publisher	American Geophysical Union (AGU)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/60eea9023d1342b38af12cbfdecfcdc0
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Olivine Dissolution in Simulated Lung and Gastric Fluid as an Analog to the Behavior of Lunar Particulate Matter Inside the Human Respiratory and Gastrointestinal Systems

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