Ultrasonic Shaking of Glauconite Pellets with Diverse Reagents for a Comparison of Their K–Ar with Already Published Rb–Sr Results

A combined ultrasonic treatment, with de-ionized H<sub>2</sub>O, dilute HAc or dilute HCl, of three Mid-Miocene glauconite samples was applied to K–Ar date the different separates in order to compare the results with those obtained by the Rb–Sr method using the same three samples and tha...

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Autores principales:	Norbert Clauer, Edward Keppens, I. Tonguç Uysal, Amélie Aubert
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	glauconite pellets dilute acid leaching experiments various ultrasonic treatments various leaching reagents major and trace chemical compositions blödite Geology QE1-996.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/60f810ad21ac4ccbb86969aacb10859f
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:60f810ad21ac4ccbb86969aacb10859f2021-11-25T17:42:43ZUltrasonic Shaking of Glauconite Pellets with Diverse Reagents for a Comparison of Their K–Ar with Already Published Rb–Sr Results10.3390/geosciences111104392076-3263https://doaj.org/article/60f810ad21ac4ccbb86969aacb10859f2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-3263/11/11/439https://doaj.org/toc/2076-3263A combined ultrasonic treatment, with de-ionized H<sub>2</sub>O, dilute HAc or dilute HCl, of three Mid-Miocene glauconite samples was applied to K–Ar date the different separates in order to compare the results with those obtained by the Rb–Sr method using the same three samples and that were analyzed strictly in the same way. Two aliquots yield opposite elemental and K–Ar trends, which suggests different initial mineral compositions for the various pellets. The K–Ar data of two untreated and leached L7 and L8 aliquots are almost within analytical uncertainty from 17.3 ± 0.6 Ma to 19.6 ± 0.7 Ma (2σ), while those of the third L10 sample are slightly higher at 22.1 ± 1.2 Ma (2σ). Comparatively, the earlier published Rb–Sr ages of the three untreated samples and of the leached aliquots gave similar data for the L7 aliquots by an isochron at 18.1 ± 3.1 (2σ) Ma and for the sample L8 by an isochron with an age of 19.6 ± 1.8 (2σ) Ma, while the untreated L10 aliquot yields a very high Rb–Sr date of 42.1 ± 1.6 (2σ) Ma. This untreated L10 glauconite fraction contains blödite, a Sr-rich carbonate that impacted the two isotopic systems differently. Generally, dilute HCl or HAc acids dissolve carbonates, sulfates, sulfites and oxides, while they do not affect the clay-type crystals such as glauconites. These soluble minerals can be identified indirectly, as here, by X-ray diffraction and the amounts of leached Na<sub>2</sub>O, CaO and Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> contents. Together with the leaching of some metallic trace elements, those of NaO confirm the leaching of metals and of blödite that are both hosted by the glauconite pellets. The occurrence of this Sr-enriched mineral explains the age differences of the non-treated aliquots and suggests a systematic leaching of any glauconite separate before isotope determination and, possibly, a comparison of the Rb–Sr and K–Ar results. Ultrasonic shaking appears appropriate for physical disaggregation of any contaminating grains that may remain hosted within the pellets, even after a preliminary H<sub>2</sub>O wash, which may dissolve and remove the soluble minerals but not the H<sub>2</sub>O-insoluble silicates. The K–Ar study completed here as a complement to a previous Rb–Sr study highlights, again, the importance of the preparation step in isotopic studies of glauconite-type and, by extension, of any clay material, as all occurring minerals can interfere in the final age determinations and, therefore, differently in the mineral assemblages. All those not in isotopic equilibrium need to be removed before analysis, including the soluble Sr or alkali-enriched ones.Norbert ClauerEdward KeppensI. Tonguç UysalAmélie AubertMDPI AGarticleglauconite pelletsdilute acid leaching experimentsvarious ultrasonic treatmentsvarious leaching reagentsmajor and trace chemical compositionsblöditeGeologyQE1-996.5ENGeosciences, Vol 11, Iss 439, p 439 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	glauconite pellets dilute acid leaching experiments various ultrasonic treatments various leaching reagents major and trace chemical compositions blödite Geology QE1-996.5
spellingShingle	glauconite pellets dilute acid leaching experiments various ultrasonic treatments various leaching reagents major and trace chemical compositions blödite Geology QE1-996.5 Norbert Clauer Edward Keppens I. Tonguç Uysal Amélie Aubert Ultrasonic Shaking of Glauconite Pellets with Diverse Reagents for a Comparison of Their K–Ar with Already Published Rb–Sr Results
description	A combined ultrasonic treatment, with de-ionized H<sub>2</sub>O, dilute HAc or dilute HCl, of three Mid-Miocene glauconite samples was applied to K–Ar date the different separates in order to compare the results with those obtained by the Rb–Sr method using the same three samples and that were analyzed strictly in the same way. Two aliquots yield opposite elemental and K–Ar trends, which suggests different initial mineral compositions for the various pellets. The K–Ar data of two untreated and leached L7 and L8 aliquots are almost within analytical uncertainty from 17.3 ± 0.6 Ma to 19.6 ± 0.7 Ma (2σ), while those of the third L10 sample are slightly higher at 22.1 ± 1.2 Ma (2σ). Comparatively, the earlier published Rb–Sr ages of the three untreated samples and of the leached aliquots gave similar data for the L7 aliquots by an isochron at 18.1 ± 3.1 (2σ) Ma and for the sample L8 by an isochron with an age of 19.6 ± 1.8 (2σ) Ma, while the untreated L10 aliquot yields a very high Rb–Sr date of 42.1 ± 1.6 (2σ) Ma. This untreated L10 glauconite fraction contains blödite, a Sr-rich carbonate that impacted the two isotopic systems differently. Generally, dilute HCl or HAc acids dissolve carbonates, sulfates, sulfites and oxides, while they do not affect the clay-type crystals such as glauconites. These soluble minerals can be identified indirectly, as here, by X-ray diffraction and the amounts of leached Na<sub>2</sub>O, CaO and Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> contents. Together with the leaching of some metallic trace elements, those of NaO confirm the leaching of metals and of blödite that are both hosted by the glauconite pellets. The occurrence of this Sr-enriched mineral explains the age differences of the non-treated aliquots and suggests a systematic leaching of any glauconite separate before isotope determination and, possibly, a comparison of the Rb–Sr and K–Ar results. Ultrasonic shaking appears appropriate for physical disaggregation of any contaminating grains that may remain hosted within the pellets, even after a preliminary H<sub>2</sub>O wash, which may dissolve and remove the soluble minerals but not the H<sub>2</sub>O-insoluble silicates. The K–Ar study completed here as a complement to a previous Rb–Sr study highlights, again, the importance of the preparation step in isotopic studies of glauconite-type and, by extension, of any clay material, as all occurring minerals can interfere in the final age determinations and, therefore, differently in the mineral assemblages. All those not in isotopic equilibrium need to be removed before analysis, including the soluble Sr or alkali-enriched ones.
format	article
author	Norbert Clauer Edward Keppens I. Tonguç Uysal Amélie Aubert
author_facet	Norbert Clauer Edward Keppens I. Tonguç Uysal Amélie Aubert
author_sort	Norbert Clauer
title	Ultrasonic Shaking of Glauconite Pellets with Diverse Reagents for a Comparison of Their K–Ar with Already Published Rb–Sr Results
title_short	Ultrasonic Shaking of Glauconite Pellets with Diverse Reagents for a Comparison of Their K–Ar with Already Published Rb–Sr Results
title_full	Ultrasonic Shaking of Glauconite Pellets with Diverse Reagents for a Comparison of Their K–Ar with Already Published Rb–Sr Results
title_fullStr	Ultrasonic Shaking of Glauconite Pellets with Diverse Reagents for a Comparison of Their K–Ar with Already Published Rb–Sr Results
title_full_unstemmed	Ultrasonic Shaking of Glauconite Pellets with Diverse Reagents for a Comparison of Their K–Ar with Already Published Rb–Sr Results
title_sort	ultrasonic shaking of glauconite pellets with diverse reagents for a comparison of their k–ar with already published rb–sr results
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/60f810ad21ac4ccbb86969aacb10859f
work_keys_str_mv	AT norbertclauer ultrasonicshakingofglauconitepelletswithdiversereagentsforacomparisonoftheirkarwithalreadypublishedrbsrresults AT edwardkeppens ultrasonicshakingofglauconitepelletswithdiversereagentsforacomparisonoftheirkarwithalreadypublishedrbsrresults AT itongucuysal ultrasonicshakingofglauconitepelletswithdiversereagentsforacomparisonoftheirkarwithalreadypublishedrbsrresults AT amelieaubert ultrasonicshakingofglauconitepelletswithdiversereagentsforacomparisonoftheirkarwithalreadypublishedrbsrresults
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Ultrasonic Shaking of Glauconite Pellets with Diverse Reagents for a Comparison of Their K–Ar with Already Published Rb–Sr Results

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