Exploring Neural Mechanisms Related to Cognitive Control, Reward, and Affect in Eating Disorders: A Narrative Review of FMRI Studies

Joseph A Wonderlich,1,2 Mariya Bershad,1,2 Joanna E Steinglass1,2 1Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; 2Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USACorrespondence: Joseph A WonderlichDepartment of Psychiatry, Co...

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Autores principales:	Wonderlich JA, Bershad M, Steinglass JE
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2021
Materias:	anorexia nervosa bulimia nervosa binge eating disorder neuroimaging fmri Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system RC346-429
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/61010bee951c42dfafd4012da89d7afe
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:61010bee951c42dfafd4012da89d7afe2021-12-02T18:01:33ZExploring Neural Mechanisms Related to Cognitive Control, Reward, and Affect in Eating Disorders: A Narrative Review of FMRI Studies1178-2021https://doaj.org/article/61010bee951c42dfafd4012da89d7afe2021-06-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.dovepress.com/exploring-neural-mechanisms-related-to-cognitive-control-reward-and-af-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-NDThttps://doaj.org/toc/1178-2021Joseph A Wonderlich,1,2 Mariya Bershad,1,2 Joanna E Steinglass1,2 1Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; 2Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USACorrespondence: Joseph A WonderlichDepartment of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USATel +1 646 774 6198Email jaw2263@cumc.columbia.eduAbstract: Studies using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) have contributed to our understanding of possible neural abnormalities among individuals with eating disorders. Many of these studies have focused on three domains: 1) cognitive control, 2) reward processing, and 3) affective processing. This review attempts to summarize the recent fMRI findings across these domains among the most well-characterized eating disorders: anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), and binge eating disorder (BED). Though the literature is a bit murky, a few major themes have emerged. Cognitive control systems are affected among individuals across eating disorder diagnoses, but effects seem least pronounced in AN. Specifically, individuals with all eating disorders appear to show decreased prefrontal activation during cognitive control, but there is less evidence in AN linking decreased prefrontal activation with behavior. There is some evidence that the reinforcing value of food is reduced in AN, but individuals with BN and BED show hyperactivation to rewarding food-related stimuli, suggesting the reinforcing value of food may be enhanced. However, more complex reward processing paradigms show that individuals with BN and BED exhibit hypoactivation to reward anticipation and provide mixed results with regards to reward receipt. There are fewer neuroimaging findings related to affective processing, yet behavioral findings suggest affective processing is important in understanding eating disorders. Though the extant literature is complicated, these studies represent a foundation from which to build and provide insight into potential neurobiological mechanisms that may contribute to the pathophysiology of eating disorders.Keywords: anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder, neuroimaging, fMRIWonderlich JABershad MSteinglass JEDove Medical Pressarticleanorexia nervosabulimia nervosabinge eating disorderneuroimagingfmriNeurosciences. Biological psychiatry. NeuropsychiatryRC321-571Neurology. Diseases of the nervous systemRC346-429ENNeuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, Vol Volume 17, Pp 2053-2062 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	anorexia nervosa bulimia nervosa binge eating disorder neuroimaging fmri Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system RC346-429
spellingShingle	anorexia nervosa bulimia nervosa binge eating disorder neuroimaging fmri Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system RC346-429 Wonderlich JA Bershad M Steinglass JE Exploring Neural Mechanisms Related to Cognitive Control, Reward, and Affect in Eating Disorders: A Narrative Review of FMRI Studies
description	Joseph A Wonderlich,1,2 Mariya Bershad,1,2 Joanna E Steinglass1,2 1Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; 2Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USACorrespondence: Joseph A WonderlichDepartment of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USATel +1 646 774 6198Email jaw2263@cumc.columbia.eduAbstract: Studies using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) have contributed to our understanding of possible neural abnormalities among individuals with eating disorders. Many of these studies have focused on three domains: 1) cognitive control, 2) reward processing, and 3) affective processing. This review attempts to summarize the recent fMRI findings across these domains among the most well-characterized eating disorders: anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), and binge eating disorder (BED). Though the literature is a bit murky, a few major themes have emerged. Cognitive control systems are affected among individuals across eating disorder diagnoses, but effects seem least pronounced in AN. Specifically, individuals with all eating disorders appear to show decreased prefrontal activation during cognitive control, but there is less evidence in AN linking decreased prefrontal activation with behavior. There is some evidence that the reinforcing value of food is reduced in AN, but individuals with BN and BED show hyperactivation to rewarding food-related stimuli, suggesting the reinforcing value of food may be enhanced. However, more complex reward processing paradigms show that individuals with BN and BED exhibit hypoactivation to reward anticipation and provide mixed results with regards to reward receipt. There are fewer neuroimaging findings related to affective processing, yet behavioral findings suggest affective processing is important in understanding eating disorders. Though the extant literature is complicated, these studies represent a foundation from which to build and provide insight into potential neurobiological mechanisms that may contribute to the pathophysiology of eating disorders.Keywords: anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder, neuroimaging, fMRI
format	article
author	Wonderlich JA Bershad M Steinglass JE
author_facet	Wonderlich JA Bershad M Steinglass JE
author_sort	Wonderlich JA
title	Exploring Neural Mechanisms Related to Cognitive Control, Reward, and Affect in Eating Disorders: A Narrative Review of FMRI Studies
title_short	Exploring Neural Mechanisms Related to Cognitive Control, Reward, and Affect in Eating Disorders: A Narrative Review of FMRI Studies
title_full	Exploring Neural Mechanisms Related to Cognitive Control, Reward, and Affect in Eating Disorders: A Narrative Review of FMRI Studies
title_fullStr	Exploring Neural Mechanisms Related to Cognitive Control, Reward, and Affect in Eating Disorders: A Narrative Review of FMRI Studies
title_full_unstemmed	Exploring Neural Mechanisms Related to Cognitive Control, Reward, and Affect in Eating Disorders: A Narrative Review of FMRI Studies
title_sort	exploring neural mechanisms related to cognitive control, reward, and affect in eating disorders: a narrative review of fmri studies
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/61010bee951c42dfafd4012da89d7afe
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Exploring Neural Mechanisms Related to Cognitive Control, Reward, and Affect in Eating Disorders: A Narrative Review of FMRI Studies

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