Dust Emission from Gobi under Different Dust Content Conditions: A Wind Tunnel Study atop the Mogao Grottoes

Dust emission from the Gobi desert is one of the major sources of global atmospheric aerosols. However, the main factors affecting dust emission from Gobi remain poorly understood. In this paper, field wind tunnel experiments were performed atop the Mogao Grottoes to determine the variation characte...

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Autores principales:	Linhao Liang, Weimin Zhang, Lihai Tan, Shuyi Chen
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	Gobi PM10 vertical emission flux wind tunnel Mogao Grottoes Meteorology. Climatology QC851-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/611203750f7a4f8b90ba71694c62fbaf
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:611203750f7a4f8b90ba71694c62fbaf2021-11-25T16:45:35ZDust Emission from Gobi under Different Dust Content Conditions: A Wind Tunnel Study atop the Mogao Grottoes10.3390/atmos121114982073-4433https://doaj.org/article/611203750f7a4f8b90ba71694c62fbaf2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/12/11/1498https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4433Dust emission from the Gobi desert is one of the major sources of global atmospheric aerosols. However, the main factors affecting dust emission from Gobi remain poorly understood. In this paper, field wind tunnel experiments were performed atop the Mogao Grottoes to determine the variation characteristics of the vertical dust flux (<i>F</i>) of particulate matter less than 10 μm (PM10) for Gobi surfaces with different dust content and wind speeds under external sand supply. The results demonstrate that <i>F</i> obeyed a power function with increasing friction velocity (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>U</mi><mo></mo></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>), and increased exponentially with the increasing surface dust content (<i>C</i>). The index of n-value in the formula <i>F</i>∝<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msup><msub><mi>U</mi><mo></mo></msub><mi>n</mi></msup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> is taken in the range of 2.02–2.63 under the surface of 27.3–47.3% dust content (<100 µm), and the dust emission rate was significantly enhanced when the surface dust content exceeded approximately 37%. This study indicates that wind force is the primary dynamic condition affecting Gobi dust emission, and that surface dust content is a significant factor in determining the quantity of dust emission. Furthermore, the contribution of wind force to PM10 emission is greater than the surface dust content, and the higher the height, the greater the weight of friction velocity.Linhao LiangWeimin ZhangLihai TanShuyi ChenMDPI AGarticleGobiPM10vertical emission fluxwind tunnelMogao GrottoesMeteorology. ClimatologyQC851-999ENAtmosphere, Vol 12, Iss 1498, p 1498 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Gobi PM10 vertical emission flux wind tunnel Mogao Grottoes Meteorology. Climatology QC851-999
spellingShingle	Gobi PM10 vertical emission flux wind tunnel Mogao Grottoes Meteorology. Climatology QC851-999 Linhao Liang Weimin Zhang Lihai Tan Shuyi Chen Dust Emission from Gobi under Different Dust Content Conditions: A Wind Tunnel Study atop the Mogao Grottoes
description	Dust emission from the Gobi desert is one of the major sources of global atmospheric aerosols. However, the main factors affecting dust emission from Gobi remain poorly understood. In this paper, field wind tunnel experiments were performed atop the Mogao Grottoes to determine the variation characteristics of the vertical dust flux (<i>F</i>) of particulate matter less than 10 μm (PM10) for Gobi surfaces with different dust content and wind speeds under external sand supply. The results demonstrate that <i>F</i> obeyed a power function with increasing friction velocity (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>U</mi><mo></mo></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>), and increased exponentially with the increasing surface dust content (<i>C</i>). The index of n-value in the formula <i>F</i>∝<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msup><msub><mi>U</mi><mo></mo></msub><mi>n</mi></msup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> is taken in the range of 2.02–2.63 under the surface of 27.3–47.3% dust content (<100 µm), and the dust emission rate was significantly enhanced when the surface dust content exceeded approximately 37%. This study indicates that wind force is the primary dynamic condition affecting Gobi dust emission, and that surface dust content is a significant factor in determining the quantity of dust emission. Furthermore, the contribution of wind force to PM10 emission is greater than the surface dust content, and the higher the height, the greater the weight of friction velocity.
format	article
author	Linhao Liang Weimin Zhang Lihai Tan Shuyi Chen
author_facet	Linhao Liang Weimin Zhang Lihai Tan Shuyi Chen
author_sort	Linhao Liang
title	Dust Emission from Gobi under Different Dust Content Conditions: A Wind Tunnel Study atop the Mogao Grottoes
title_short	Dust Emission from Gobi under Different Dust Content Conditions: A Wind Tunnel Study atop the Mogao Grottoes
title_full	Dust Emission from Gobi under Different Dust Content Conditions: A Wind Tunnel Study atop the Mogao Grottoes
title_fullStr	Dust Emission from Gobi under Different Dust Content Conditions: A Wind Tunnel Study atop the Mogao Grottoes
title_full_unstemmed	Dust Emission from Gobi under Different Dust Content Conditions: A Wind Tunnel Study atop the Mogao Grottoes
title_sort	dust emission from gobi under different dust content conditions: a wind tunnel study atop the mogao grottoes
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/611203750f7a4f8b90ba71694c62fbaf
work_keys_str_mv	AT linhaoliang dustemissionfromgobiunderdifferentdustcontentconditionsawindtunnelstudyatopthemogaogrottoes AT weiminzhang dustemissionfromgobiunderdifferentdustcontentconditionsawindtunnelstudyatopthemogaogrottoes AT lihaitan dustemissionfromgobiunderdifferentdustcontentconditionsawindtunnelstudyatopthemogaogrottoes AT shuyichen dustemissionfromgobiunderdifferentdustcontentconditionsawindtunnelstudyatopthemogaogrottoes
_version_	1718413020587098112

Dust Emission from Gobi under Different Dust Content Conditions: A Wind Tunnel Study atop the Mogao Grottoes

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