N2O–Assisted Siphon Foaming of Modified Galactoglucomannans With Cellulose Nanofibers

Foaming of most bio-based polymers is challenged by low pore formation and foam stability. At the same time, the developing utilization of bio-based materials for the circular economy is placing new demands for easily processable, low-density materials from renewable raw materials. In this work, we...

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Autores principales:	Tiina Nypelö, Jessica Fredriksson, Vishnu Arumughan, Emanuel Larsson, Stephen A. Hall, Anette Larsson
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	galactoglucomannan cellulose nanofibers polysaccharide interactions foaming interfacial interactions Technology T Chemical technology TP1-1185
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/612efed92a374cb6a67608768696a85e
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:612efed92a374cb6a67608768696a85e2021-11-11T07:47:39ZN2O–Assisted Siphon Foaming of Modified Galactoglucomannans With Cellulose Nanofibers2673-271810.3389/fceng.2021.756026https://doaj.org/article/612efed92a374cb6a67608768696a85e2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fceng.2021.756026/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/2673-2718Foaming of most bio-based polymers is challenged by low pore formation and foam stability. At the same time, the developing utilization of bio-based materials for the circular economy is placing new demands for easily processable, low-density materials from renewable raw materials. In this work, we investigate cellulose nanofiber (CNF) foams in which foaming is facilitated with wood-based hemicelluloses, galactoglucomannans (GGMs). Interfacial activity of the GGM is modulated via modification of the molecule’s amphiphilicity, where the surface tension is decreased from approximately 70 to 30 mN m−1 for unmodified and modified GGM, respectively. The chemical modification of GGMs by substitution with butyl glycidyl ether increased the molecule’s hydrophobicity and interaction with the nanocellulose component. The highest specific foam volume using 1 wt% CNF was achieved when modified GGM was added (3.1 ml g−1), compared to unmodified GGM with CNF (2.1 ml g−1). An amount of 96 and 98% of the GGM and GGM-BGE foams were lost after 15 min of foaming while the GGM and GGM-BGE with cellulose nanofibers lost only 33 and 28% of the foam respectively. In the case of GGM-BGE, the foam stability increased with increasing nanofiber concentration. This suggests that the altered hydrophobicity facilitated increased foam formation when the additive was incorporated in the CNF suspension and foamed with nitrous oxide (N2O). Thus, the hydrophobic character of the modified GGM was a necessity for foam formation and stability while the CNFs were needed for generating a self-standing foam structure.Tiina NypelöTiina NypelöJessica FredrikssonVishnu ArumughanEmanuel LarssonEmanuel LarssonStephen A. HallStephen A. HallAnette LarssonAnette LarssonFrontiers Media S.A.articlegalactoglucomannancellulose nanofiberspolysaccharide interactionsfoaminginterfacial interactionsTechnologyTChemical technologyTP1-1185ENFrontiers in Chemical Engineering, Vol 3 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	galactoglucomannan cellulose nanofibers polysaccharide interactions foaming interfacial interactions Technology T Chemical technology TP1-1185
spellingShingle	galactoglucomannan cellulose nanofibers polysaccharide interactions foaming interfacial interactions Technology T Chemical technology TP1-1185 Tiina Nypelö Tiina Nypelö Jessica Fredriksson Vishnu Arumughan Emanuel Larsson Emanuel Larsson Stephen A. Hall Stephen A. Hall Anette Larsson Anette Larsson N2O–Assisted Siphon Foaming of Modified Galactoglucomannans With Cellulose Nanofibers
description	Foaming of most bio-based polymers is challenged by low pore formation and foam stability. At the same time, the developing utilization of bio-based materials for the circular economy is placing new demands for easily processable, low-density materials from renewable raw materials. In this work, we investigate cellulose nanofiber (CNF) foams in which foaming is facilitated with wood-based hemicelluloses, galactoglucomannans (GGMs). Interfacial activity of the GGM is modulated via modification of the molecule’s amphiphilicity, where the surface tension is decreased from approximately 70 to 30 mN m−1 for unmodified and modified GGM, respectively. The chemical modification of GGMs by substitution with butyl glycidyl ether increased the molecule’s hydrophobicity and interaction with the nanocellulose component. The highest specific foam volume using 1 wt% CNF was achieved when modified GGM was added (3.1 ml g−1), compared to unmodified GGM with CNF (2.1 ml g−1). An amount of 96 and 98% of the GGM and GGM-BGE foams were lost after 15 min of foaming while the GGM and GGM-BGE with cellulose nanofibers lost only 33 and 28% of the foam respectively. In the case of GGM-BGE, the foam stability increased with increasing nanofiber concentration. This suggests that the altered hydrophobicity facilitated increased foam formation when the additive was incorporated in the CNF suspension and foamed with nitrous oxide (N2O). Thus, the hydrophobic character of the modified GGM was a necessity for foam formation and stability while the CNFs were needed for generating a self-standing foam structure.
format	article
author	Tiina Nypelö Tiina Nypelö Jessica Fredriksson Vishnu Arumughan Emanuel Larsson Emanuel Larsson Stephen A. Hall Stephen A. Hall Anette Larsson Anette Larsson
author_facet	Tiina Nypelö Tiina Nypelö Jessica Fredriksson Vishnu Arumughan Emanuel Larsson Emanuel Larsson Stephen A. Hall Stephen A. Hall Anette Larsson Anette Larsson
author_sort	Tiina Nypelö
title	N2O–Assisted Siphon Foaming of Modified Galactoglucomannans With Cellulose Nanofibers
title_short	N2O–Assisted Siphon Foaming of Modified Galactoglucomannans With Cellulose Nanofibers
title_full	N2O–Assisted Siphon Foaming of Modified Galactoglucomannans With Cellulose Nanofibers
title_fullStr	N2O–Assisted Siphon Foaming of Modified Galactoglucomannans With Cellulose Nanofibers
title_full_unstemmed	N2O–Assisted Siphon Foaming of Modified Galactoglucomannans With Cellulose Nanofibers
title_sort	n2o–assisted siphon foaming of modified galactoglucomannans with cellulose nanofibers
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/612efed92a374cb6a67608768696a85e
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N2O–Assisted Siphon Foaming of Modified Galactoglucomannans With Cellulose Nanofibers

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