Strategies for the management and prevention of conformation-related respiratory disorders in brachycephalic dogs

Rowena MA Packer,1 Michael S Tivers2 1Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, 2School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK Abstract: Brachycephalic (short-muzzled) dogs are increasingly popular pets worldwide, with m...

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Autores principales:	Packer RMA, Tivers MS
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2015
Materias:	Veterinary medicine SF600-1100
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/61382d84eea144269abc7238eedaad16
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:61382d84eea144269abc7238eedaad162021-12-02T08:32:49ZStrategies for the management and prevention of conformation-related respiratory disorders in brachycephalic dogs2230-2034https://doaj.org/article/61382d84eea144269abc7238eedaad162015-06-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.dovepress.com/strategies-for-the-management-and-prevention-of-conformation-related-r-peer-reviewed-article-VMRRhttps://doaj.org/toc/2230-2034Rowena MA Packer,1 Michael S Tivers2 1Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, 2School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK Abstract: Brachycephalic (short-muzzled) dogs are increasingly popular pets worldwide, with marked increases in registrations of breeds such as the Pug and French Bulldog over the past decade in the UK. Despite their popularity, many brachycephalic breeds are affected by an early-onset, lifelong respiratory disorder, brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS). This disorder arises due to a mismatch in the proportions of the skull and the soft tissues held within the nose and pharynx, resulting in obstruction of the airway during respiration. Increased airway resistance encourages secondary changes such as eversion of the laryngeal saccules and collapse of the larynx. Clinical signs of BOAS are often early onset and chronic, including dyspnea, exercise intolerance, heat intolerance, and abnormal and increased respiratory noise. Episodes of severe dyspnea can also occur, leading to cyanosis, syncope, and death. BOAS may have a severe impact upon the welfare of affected dogs, compromising their ability to exercise, play, eat, and sleep. Although a well-described condition, with surgical treatments for the palliation of this disorder published since the 1920s, many dogs still experience airway restrictions postsurgically and a compromised quality of life. In addition, the prevalence of this disorder does not appear to have substantially reduced in this time, and may have increased. Ultimately, strategies to improve the breeding of these dogs to prevent BOAS are required to improve brachycephalic health and welfare. Recent studies have revealed conformational risk factors associated with BOAS, such as short muzzles and thick necks, which should be discouraged to avoid perpetuating this serious disorder. Positive changes to brachycephalic health may be impeded by a perception of BOAS being "normal for the breed". This perception must be avoided by owners, breeders, and vets alike to prevent undertreatment of individuals and the perpetuation of this serious disorder to future generations of dogs. Keywords: short-muzzled, canine welfare, airway obstruction, dyspneaPacker RMATivers MSDove Medical PressarticleVeterinary medicineSF600-1100ENVeterinary Medicine: Research and Reports, Vol 2015, Iss default, Pp 219-232 (2015)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Veterinary medicine SF600-1100
spellingShingle	Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Packer RMA Tivers MS Strategies for the management and prevention of conformation-related respiratory disorders in brachycephalic dogs
description	Rowena MA Packer,1 Michael S Tivers2 1Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, 2School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK Abstract: Brachycephalic (short-muzzled) dogs are increasingly popular pets worldwide, with marked increases in registrations of breeds such as the Pug and French Bulldog over the past decade in the UK. Despite their popularity, many brachycephalic breeds are affected by an early-onset, lifelong respiratory disorder, brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS). This disorder arises due to a mismatch in the proportions of the skull and the soft tissues held within the nose and pharynx, resulting in obstruction of the airway during respiration. Increased airway resistance encourages secondary changes such as eversion of the laryngeal saccules and collapse of the larynx. Clinical signs of BOAS are often early onset and chronic, including dyspnea, exercise intolerance, heat intolerance, and abnormal and increased respiratory noise. Episodes of severe dyspnea can also occur, leading to cyanosis, syncope, and death. BOAS may have a severe impact upon the welfare of affected dogs, compromising their ability to exercise, play, eat, and sleep. Although a well-described condition, with surgical treatments for the palliation of this disorder published since the 1920s, many dogs still experience airway restrictions postsurgically and a compromised quality of life. In addition, the prevalence of this disorder does not appear to have substantially reduced in this time, and may have increased. Ultimately, strategies to improve the breeding of these dogs to prevent BOAS are required to improve brachycephalic health and welfare. Recent studies have revealed conformational risk factors associated with BOAS, such as short muzzles and thick necks, which should be discouraged to avoid perpetuating this serious disorder. Positive changes to brachycephalic health may be impeded by a perception of BOAS being "normal for the breed". This perception must be avoided by owners, breeders, and vets alike to prevent undertreatment of individuals and the perpetuation of this serious disorder to future generations of dogs. Keywords: short-muzzled, canine welfare, airway obstruction, dyspnea
format	article
author	Packer RMA Tivers MS
author_facet	Packer RMA Tivers MS
author_sort	Packer RMA
title	Strategies for the management and prevention of conformation-related respiratory disorders in brachycephalic dogs
title_short	Strategies for the management and prevention of conformation-related respiratory disorders in brachycephalic dogs
title_full	Strategies for the management and prevention of conformation-related respiratory disorders in brachycephalic dogs
title_fullStr	Strategies for the management and prevention of conformation-related respiratory disorders in brachycephalic dogs
title_full_unstemmed	Strategies for the management and prevention of conformation-related respiratory disorders in brachycephalic dogs
title_sort	strategies for the management and prevention of conformation-related respiratory disorders in brachycephalic dogs
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2015
url	https://doaj.org/article/61382d84eea144269abc7238eedaad16
work_keys_str_mv	AT packerrma strategiesforthemanagementandpreventionofconformationrelatedrespiratorydisordersinbrachycephalicdogs AT tiversms strategiesforthemanagementandpreventionofconformationrelatedrespiratorydisordersinbrachycephalicdogs
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Strategies for the management and prevention of conformation-related respiratory disorders in brachycephalic dogs

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