Adaptive immune responses to booster vaccination against yellow fever virus are much reduced compared to those after primary vaccination

Abstract Outbreaks of Yellow Fever occur regularly in endemic areas of Africa and South America frequently leading to mass vaccination campaigns straining the availability of the attenuated Yellow Fever vaccine, YF-17D. The WHO has recently decided to discontinue regular booster-vaccinations since a...

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Autores principales:	Michael Kongsgaard, Maria R. Bassi, Michael Rasmussen, Karsten Skjødt, Søren Thybo, Mette Gabriel, Morten Bagge Hansen, Jan Pravsgaard Christensen, Allan Randrup Thomsen, Soren Buus, Anette Stryhn
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2017
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/6138471ef15e4c36a3b886477a297b6b
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:6138471ef15e4c36a3b886477a297b6b2021-12-02T15:04:55ZAdaptive immune responses to booster vaccination against yellow fever virus are much reduced compared to those after primary vaccination10.1038/s41598-017-00798-12045-2322https://doaj.org/article/6138471ef15e4c36a3b886477a297b6b2017-04-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-00798-1https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Outbreaks of Yellow Fever occur regularly in endemic areas of Africa and South America frequently leading to mass vaccination campaigns straining the availability of the attenuated Yellow Fever vaccine, YF-17D. The WHO has recently decided to discontinue regular booster-vaccinations since a single vaccination is deemed to confer life-long immune protection. Here, we have examined humoral (neutralizing antibody) and cellular (CD8 and CD4 T cell) immune responses in primary and booster vaccinees (the latter spanning 8 to 36 years after primary vaccination). After primary vaccination, we observed strong cellular immune responses with T cell activation peaking ≈2 weeks and subsiding to background levels ≈ 4 weeks post-vaccination. The number of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells declined over the following years. In >90% of vaccinees, in vitro expandable T cells could still be detected >10 years post-vaccination. Although most vaccinees responded to a booster vaccination, both the humoral and cellular immune responses observed following booster vaccination were strikingly reduced compared to primary responses. This suggests that pre-existing immunity efficiently controls booster inoculums of YF-17D. In a situation with epidemic outbreaks, one could argue that a more efficient use of a limited supply of the vaccine would be to focus on primary vaccinations.Michael KongsgaardMaria R. BassiMichael RasmussenKarsten SkjødtSøren ThyboMette GabrielMorten Bagge HansenJan Pravsgaard ChristensenAllan Randrup ThomsenSoren BuusAnette StryhnNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 7, Iss 1, Pp 1-14 (2017)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Michael Kongsgaard Maria R. Bassi Michael Rasmussen Karsten Skjødt Søren Thybo Mette Gabriel Morten Bagge Hansen Jan Pravsgaard Christensen Allan Randrup Thomsen Soren Buus Anette Stryhn Adaptive immune responses to booster vaccination against yellow fever virus are much reduced compared to those after primary vaccination
description	Abstract Outbreaks of Yellow Fever occur regularly in endemic areas of Africa and South America frequently leading to mass vaccination campaigns straining the availability of the attenuated Yellow Fever vaccine, YF-17D. The WHO has recently decided to discontinue regular booster-vaccinations since a single vaccination is deemed to confer life-long immune protection. Here, we have examined humoral (neutralizing antibody) and cellular (CD8 and CD4 T cell) immune responses in primary and booster vaccinees (the latter spanning 8 to 36 years after primary vaccination). After primary vaccination, we observed strong cellular immune responses with T cell activation peaking ≈2 weeks and subsiding to background levels ≈ 4 weeks post-vaccination. The number of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells declined over the following years. In >90% of vaccinees, in vitro expandable T cells could still be detected >10 years post-vaccination. Although most vaccinees responded to a booster vaccination, both the humoral and cellular immune responses observed following booster vaccination were strikingly reduced compared to primary responses. This suggests that pre-existing immunity efficiently controls booster inoculums of YF-17D. In a situation with epidemic outbreaks, one could argue that a more efficient use of a limited supply of the vaccine would be to focus on primary vaccinations.
format	article
author	Michael Kongsgaard Maria R. Bassi Michael Rasmussen Karsten Skjødt Søren Thybo Mette Gabriel Morten Bagge Hansen Jan Pravsgaard Christensen Allan Randrup Thomsen Soren Buus Anette Stryhn
author_facet	Michael Kongsgaard Maria R. Bassi Michael Rasmussen Karsten Skjødt Søren Thybo Mette Gabriel Morten Bagge Hansen Jan Pravsgaard Christensen Allan Randrup Thomsen Soren Buus Anette Stryhn
author_sort	Michael Kongsgaard
title	Adaptive immune responses to booster vaccination against yellow fever virus are much reduced compared to those after primary vaccination
title_short	Adaptive immune responses to booster vaccination against yellow fever virus are much reduced compared to those after primary vaccination
title_full	Adaptive immune responses to booster vaccination against yellow fever virus are much reduced compared to those after primary vaccination
title_fullStr	Adaptive immune responses to booster vaccination against yellow fever virus are much reduced compared to those after primary vaccination
title_full_unstemmed	Adaptive immune responses to booster vaccination against yellow fever virus are much reduced compared to those after primary vaccination
title_sort	adaptive immune responses to booster vaccination against yellow fever virus are much reduced compared to those after primary vaccination
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2017
url	https://doaj.org/article/6138471ef15e4c36a3b886477a297b6b
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Adaptive immune responses to booster vaccination against yellow fever virus are much reduced compared to those after primary vaccination

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