Behavioral and brain mechanisms mediating conditioned flight behavior in rats

Abstract Environmental contexts can inform animals of potential threats, though it is currently unknown how context biases the selection of defensive behavior. Here we investigated context-dependent flight responses with a Pavlovian serial-compound stimulus (SCS) paradigm that evokes freeze-to-fligh...

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Autores principales:	Michael S. Totty, Naomi Warren, Isabella Huddleston, Karthik R. Ramanathan, Reed L. Ressler, Cecily R. Oleksiak, Stephen Maren
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/6144c436f3634dfebf54850fad3c3297
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:6144c436f3634dfebf54850fad3c32972021-12-02T14:26:12ZBehavioral and brain mechanisms mediating conditioned flight behavior in rats10.1038/s41598-021-87559-32045-2322https://doaj.org/article/6144c436f3634dfebf54850fad3c32972021-04-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-87559-3https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Environmental contexts can inform animals of potential threats, though it is currently unknown how context biases the selection of defensive behavior. Here we investigated context-dependent flight responses with a Pavlovian serial-compound stimulus (SCS) paradigm that evokes freeze-to-flight transitions. Similar to previous work in mice, we show that male and female rats display context-dependent flight-like behavior in the SCS paradigm. Flight behavior was dependent on contextual fear insofar as it was only evoked in a shock-associated context and was reduced in the conditioning context after context extinction. Flight behavior was only expressed to white noise regardless of temporal order within the compound. Nonetheless, rats that received unpaired SCS trials did not show flight-like behavior to the SCS, indicating it is associative. Finally, we show that pharmacological inactivation of two brain regions critical to the expression of contextual fear, the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST), attenuates both contextual fear and flight responses. All of these effects were similar in male and female rats. This work demonstrates that contextual fear can summate with cued and innate fear to drive a high fear state and transition from post-encounter to circa-strike defensive modes.Michael S. TottyNaomi WarrenIsabella HuddlestonKarthik R. RamanathanReed L. ResslerCecily R. OleksiakStephen MarenNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-15 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Michael S. Totty Naomi Warren Isabella Huddleston Karthik R. Ramanathan Reed L. Ressler Cecily R. Oleksiak Stephen Maren Behavioral and brain mechanisms mediating conditioned flight behavior in rats
description	Abstract Environmental contexts can inform animals of potential threats, though it is currently unknown how context biases the selection of defensive behavior. Here we investigated context-dependent flight responses with a Pavlovian serial-compound stimulus (SCS) paradigm that evokes freeze-to-flight transitions. Similar to previous work in mice, we show that male and female rats display context-dependent flight-like behavior in the SCS paradigm. Flight behavior was dependent on contextual fear insofar as it was only evoked in a shock-associated context and was reduced in the conditioning context after context extinction. Flight behavior was only expressed to white noise regardless of temporal order within the compound. Nonetheless, rats that received unpaired SCS trials did not show flight-like behavior to the SCS, indicating it is associative. Finally, we show that pharmacological inactivation of two brain regions critical to the expression of contextual fear, the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST), attenuates both contextual fear and flight responses. All of these effects were similar in male and female rats. This work demonstrates that contextual fear can summate with cued and innate fear to drive a high fear state and transition from post-encounter to circa-strike defensive modes.
format	article
author	Michael S. Totty Naomi Warren Isabella Huddleston Karthik R. Ramanathan Reed L. Ressler Cecily R. Oleksiak Stephen Maren
author_facet	Michael S. Totty Naomi Warren Isabella Huddleston Karthik R. Ramanathan Reed L. Ressler Cecily R. Oleksiak Stephen Maren
author_sort	Michael S. Totty
title	Behavioral and brain mechanisms mediating conditioned flight behavior in rats
title_short	Behavioral and brain mechanisms mediating conditioned flight behavior in rats
title_full	Behavioral and brain mechanisms mediating conditioned flight behavior in rats
title_fullStr	Behavioral and brain mechanisms mediating conditioned flight behavior in rats
title_full_unstemmed	Behavioral and brain mechanisms mediating conditioned flight behavior in rats
title_sort	behavioral and brain mechanisms mediating conditioned flight behavior in rats
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/6144c436f3634dfebf54850fad3c3297
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Behavioral and brain mechanisms mediating conditioned flight behavior in rats

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