Effect of 3D Printing Parameters on the Refractive Index, Attenuation Coefficient, and Birefringence of Plastics in Terahertz Range

Effect of 3D Printing Parameters on the Refractive Index, Attenuation Coefficient, and Birefringence of Plastics in Terahertz Range

The refractive indices, attenuation coefficients, and level of birefringence of various 3D printing plastics may change depending on the printing parameters. Transmission terahertz time-domain spectroscopy was used to look for such effects in Copolyester (CPE), Nylon, Polycarbonate (PC), Polylactic...

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Autores principales: Alexander T. Clark, John F. Federici, Ian Gatley
Formato: article
Lenguaje:EN
Publicado: Hindawi Limited 2021
Materias:
Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials
TA401-492
Acceso en línea:https://doaj.org/article/614c96c307d74257a63d42626261bed9
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spelling oai:doaj.org-article:614c96c307d74257a63d42626261bed92021-11-22T01:11:18ZEffect of 3D Printing Parameters on the Refractive Index, Attenuation Coefficient, and Birefringence of Plastics in Terahertz Range1687-844210.1155/2021/8276378https://doaj.org/article/614c96c307d74257a63d42626261bed92021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8276378https://doaj.org/toc/1687-8442The refractive indices, attenuation coefficients, and level of birefringence of various 3D printing plastics may change depending on the printing parameters. Transmission terahertz time-domain spectroscopy was used to look for such effects in Copolyester (CPE), Nylon, Polycarbonate (PC), Polylactic acid, and Polypropylene. The thickness of each sample was measured using an external reference structure and time-of-flight measurements. The parameters varied were printer nozzle size, print layer height, and print orientation. Comparison of these parameters showed that a printer’s nozzle size and print layer height caused no change in real refractive index or attenuation coefficient. A change in printing orientation from vertical to horizontal caused an increase both in real refractive index and in attenuation coefficient. In vertically printed samples, the increase in birefringence was proportional to the increase in layer height and inversely proportional to nozzle size. There was no measurable intrinsic birefringence in the horizontally printed samples. These effects should be taken into account in the design of FDM 3D printed structures that demand tailored refractive indices and attenuation coefficients, while also providing a foundation for nondestructive evaluation of FDM 3D printed objects and structures.Alexander T. ClarkJohn F. FedericiIan GatleyHindawi LimitedarticleMaterials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materialsTA401-492ENAdvances in Materials Science and Engineering, Vol 2021 (2021)
institution DOAJ
collection DOAJ
language EN
topic Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials
TA401-492
spellingShingle Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials
TA401-492
Alexander T. Clark
John F. Federici
Ian Gatley
Effect of 3D Printing Parameters on the Refractive Index, Attenuation Coefficient, and Birefringence of Plastics in Terahertz Range
description The refractive indices, attenuation coefficients, and level of birefringence of various 3D printing plastics may change depending on the printing parameters. Transmission terahertz time-domain spectroscopy was used to look for such effects in Copolyester (CPE), Nylon, Polycarbonate (PC), Polylactic acid, and Polypropylene. The thickness of each sample was measured using an external reference structure and time-of-flight measurements. The parameters varied were printer nozzle size, print layer height, and print orientation. Comparison of these parameters showed that a printer’s nozzle size and print layer height caused no change in real refractive index or attenuation coefficient. A change in printing orientation from vertical to horizontal caused an increase both in real refractive index and in attenuation coefficient. In vertically printed samples, the increase in birefringence was proportional to the increase in layer height and inversely proportional to nozzle size. There was no measurable intrinsic birefringence in the horizontally printed samples. These effects should be taken into account in the design of FDM 3D printed structures that demand tailored refractive indices and attenuation coefficients, while also providing a foundation for nondestructive evaluation of FDM 3D printed objects and structures.
format article
author Alexander T. Clark
John F. Federici
Ian Gatley
author_facet Alexander T. Clark
John F. Federici
Ian Gatley
author_sort Alexander T. Clark
title Effect of 3D Printing Parameters on the Refractive Index, Attenuation Coefficient, and Birefringence of Plastics in Terahertz Range
title_short Effect of 3D Printing Parameters on the Refractive Index, Attenuation Coefficient, and Birefringence of Plastics in Terahertz Range
title_full Effect of 3D Printing Parameters on the Refractive Index, Attenuation Coefficient, and Birefringence of Plastics in Terahertz Range
title_fullStr Effect of 3D Printing Parameters on the Refractive Index, Attenuation Coefficient, and Birefringence of Plastics in Terahertz Range
title_full_unstemmed Effect of 3D Printing Parameters on the Refractive Index, Attenuation Coefficient, and Birefringence of Plastics in Terahertz Range
title_sort effect of 3d printing parameters on the refractive index, attenuation coefficient, and birefringence of plastics in terahertz range
publisher Hindawi Limited
publishDate 2021
url https://doaj.org/article/614c96c307d74257a63d42626261bed9
work_keys_str_mv AT alexandertclark effectof3dprintingparametersontherefractiveindexattenuationcoefficientandbirefringenceofplasticsinterahertzrange
AT johnffederici effectof3dprintingparametersontherefractiveindexattenuationcoefficientandbirefringenceofplasticsinterahertzrange
AT iangatley effectof3dprintingparametersontherefractiveindexattenuationcoefficientandbirefringenceofplasticsinterahertzrange
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