AAS, growth hormone, and insulin abuse: psychological and neuroendocrine effects

Michael R Graham1, Peter Evans2, Bruce Davies1, Julien S Baker11Health and Exercise Science Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sport and Science, University of Glamorgan, Pontypridd, Wales, United Kingdom; 2Royal Gwent Hospital, Newport, Gwent, United KingdomAbstract: The nontherapeutic use of prescri...

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Autores principales:	Michael R Graham, Peter Evans, Bruce Davies, Julien S Baker
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2008
Materias:	Therapeutics. Pharmacology RM1-950
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/614d6ca296d44551a5d3ae5d5b891dda
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:614d6ca296d44551a5d3ae5d5b891dda2021-12-02T11:43:23ZAAS, growth hormone, and insulin abuse: psychological and neuroendocrine effects1176-63361178-203Xhttps://doaj.org/article/614d6ca296d44551a5d3ae5d5b891dda2008-06-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.dovepress.com/aas-growth-hormone-and-insulin-abuse-psychological-and-neuroendocrine--a1882https://doaj.org/toc/1176-6336https://doaj.org/toc/1178-203XMichael R Graham1, Peter Evans2, Bruce Davies1, Julien S Baker11Health and Exercise Science Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sport and Science, University of Glamorgan, Pontypridd, Wales, United Kingdom; 2Royal Gwent Hospital, Newport, Gwent, United KingdomAbstract: The nontherapeutic use of prescription medicines by individuals involved in sport is increasing. Anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) are the most widely abused drug. Much of our knowledge of the psychological and physiological effects of human growth hormone (hGH) and insulin has been learned from deficiency states. As a consequence of the Internet revolution, previously unobtainable and expensive designer drugs, particularly recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) and insulin, have become freely available at ridiculously discounted prices from countries such as China and are being abused. These drugs have various physiological and psychological effects and medical personnel must become aware that such prescription medicine abuse appears to be used not only for performance and cosmetic reasons, but as a consequence of psychological pre-morbidity.Keywords: AAS, cosmesis, growth hormone, insulin, performance, strength Michael R GrahamPeter EvansBruce DaviesJulien S BakerDove Medical PressarticleTherapeutics. PharmacologyRM1-950ENTherapeutics and Clinical Risk Management, Vol 2008, Iss Issue 3, Pp 587-597 (2008)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Therapeutics. Pharmacology RM1-950
spellingShingle	Therapeutics. Pharmacology RM1-950 Michael R Graham Peter Evans Bruce Davies Julien S Baker AAS, growth hormone, and insulin abuse: psychological and neuroendocrine effects
description	Michael R Graham1, Peter Evans2, Bruce Davies1, Julien S Baker11Health and Exercise Science Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sport and Science, University of Glamorgan, Pontypridd, Wales, United Kingdom; 2Royal Gwent Hospital, Newport, Gwent, United KingdomAbstract: The nontherapeutic use of prescription medicines by individuals involved in sport is increasing. Anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) are the most widely abused drug. Much of our knowledge of the psychological and physiological effects of human growth hormone (hGH) and insulin has been learned from deficiency states. As a consequence of the Internet revolution, previously unobtainable and expensive designer drugs, particularly recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) and insulin, have become freely available at ridiculously discounted prices from countries such as China and are being abused. These drugs have various physiological and psychological effects and medical personnel must become aware that such prescription medicine abuse appears to be used not only for performance and cosmetic reasons, but as a consequence of psychological pre-morbidity.Keywords: AAS, cosmesis, growth hormone, insulin, performance, strength
format	article
author	Michael R Graham Peter Evans Bruce Davies Julien S Baker
author_facet	Michael R Graham Peter Evans Bruce Davies Julien S Baker
author_sort	Michael R Graham
title	AAS, growth hormone, and insulin abuse: psychological and neuroendocrine effects
title_short	AAS, growth hormone, and insulin abuse: psychological and neuroendocrine effects
title_full	AAS, growth hormone, and insulin abuse: psychological and neuroendocrine effects
title_fullStr	AAS, growth hormone, and insulin abuse: psychological and neuroendocrine effects
title_full_unstemmed	AAS, growth hormone, and insulin abuse: psychological and neuroendocrine effects
title_sort	aas, growth hormone, and insulin abuse: psychological and neuroendocrine effects
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2008
url	https://doaj.org/article/614d6ca296d44551a5d3ae5d5b891dda
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AAS, growth hormone, and insulin abuse: psychological and neuroendocrine effects

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