Serological Array-in-Well Multiplex Assay Reveals a High Rate of Respiratory Virus Infections and Reinfections in Young Children

ABSTRACT Serological assays are used to diagnose and characterize host immune responses against microbial pathogens. Microarray technologies facilitate high-throughput immunoassays of antibody detection against multiple pathogens simultaneously. To improve survey of influenza A virus (IAV), influenz...

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Autores principales:	Anna Kazakova, Laura Kakkola, Henna Päkkilä, Tamara Teros-Jaakkola, Tero Soukka, Ville Peltola, Matti Waris, Ilkka Julkunen
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2019
Materias:	adenoviruses immunoassays influenza influenza vaccines microarray multiplex Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/61a6c64c30fb4c77b160ba6a7b3f47fe
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:61a6c64c30fb4c77b160ba6a7b3f47fe2021-11-15T15:27:32ZSerological Array-in-Well Multiplex Assay Reveals a High Rate of Respiratory Virus Infections and Reinfections in Young Children10.1128/mSphere.00447-192379-5042https://doaj.org/article/61a6c64c30fb4c77b160ba6a7b3f47fe2019-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mSphere.00447-19https://doaj.org/toc/2379-5042ABSTRACT Serological assays are used to diagnose and characterize host immune responses against microbial pathogens. Microarray technologies facilitate high-throughput immunoassays of antibody detection against multiple pathogens simultaneously. To improve survey of influenza A virus (IAV), influenza B virus (IBV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and adenovirus (AdV) antibody levels, we developed a microarray consisting of IAV H1N1, IAV H1N1pdm09 (vaccine), IAV H3N2, IBV Victoria, IBV Yamagata, RSV, AdV type 5 hexon protein, and control antigens printed on the bottom of a microtiter plate well. Bound IgG antibodies were detected with anti-human IgG-coated photon-upconverting nanoparticles and measured with a photoluminescence imager. The performance of the microarray immunoassay (MAIA) was evaluated with serum samples (n = 576) collected from children (n = 288) at 1 and 2 years of age and tested by standard enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) for antibodies to IAV vaccine and RSV. EIAs and MAIA showed substantial to almost perfect agreement (Cohen’s κ, 0.62 to 0.83). Applying MAIA, we found seroprevalences of 55% for IAV H1N1, 54% for IAV vaccine, 30% for IAV H3N2, 24% for IBV Victoria, 25% for IBV Yamagata, 38% for RSV, and 26% for AdV in 1-year-old children (n = 768). By the age of 2 years, IgG seropositivity rates (n = 714) increased to 74% for IAV H1N1, 71% for IAV vaccine, 49% for IAV H3N2, 47% for IBV Yamagata, 49% for IBV Victoria, 68% for RSV, and 58% for AdV. By analyzing increases in antibody levels not biased by vaccinations, we found a reinfection rate of 40% for RSV and 31% for AdV in children between 1 and 2 years of age. IMPORTANCE The multiplex immunoassay was successfully used to simultaneously detect antibodies against seven different viruses. The developed serological microarray is a new promising tool for diagnostic, epidemiological, and seroprevalence analyses of virus infections.Anna KazakovaLaura KakkolaHenna PäkkiläTamara Teros-JaakkolaTero SoukkaVille PeltolaMatti WarisIlkka JulkunenAmerican Society for Microbiologyarticleadenovirusesimmunoassaysinfluenzainfluenza vaccinesmicroarraymultiplexMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmSphere, Vol 4, Iss 5 (2019)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	adenoviruses immunoassays influenza influenza vaccines microarray multiplex Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	adenoviruses immunoassays influenza influenza vaccines microarray multiplex Microbiology QR1-502 Anna Kazakova Laura Kakkola Henna Päkkilä Tamara Teros-Jaakkola Tero Soukka Ville Peltola Matti Waris Ilkka Julkunen Serological Array-in-Well Multiplex Assay Reveals a High Rate of Respiratory Virus Infections and Reinfections in Young Children
description	ABSTRACT Serological assays are used to diagnose and characterize host immune responses against microbial pathogens. Microarray technologies facilitate high-throughput immunoassays of antibody detection against multiple pathogens simultaneously. To improve survey of influenza A virus (IAV), influenza B virus (IBV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and adenovirus (AdV) antibody levels, we developed a microarray consisting of IAV H1N1, IAV H1N1pdm09 (vaccine), IAV H3N2, IBV Victoria, IBV Yamagata, RSV, AdV type 5 hexon protein, and control antigens printed on the bottom of a microtiter plate well. Bound IgG antibodies were detected with anti-human IgG-coated photon-upconverting nanoparticles and measured with a photoluminescence imager. The performance of the microarray immunoassay (MAIA) was evaluated with serum samples (n = 576) collected from children (n = 288) at 1 and 2 years of age and tested by standard enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) for antibodies to IAV vaccine and RSV. EIAs and MAIA showed substantial to almost perfect agreement (Cohen’s κ, 0.62 to 0.83). Applying MAIA, we found seroprevalences of 55% for IAV H1N1, 54% for IAV vaccine, 30% for IAV H3N2, 24% for IBV Victoria, 25% for IBV Yamagata, 38% for RSV, and 26% for AdV in 1-year-old children (n = 768). By the age of 2 years, IgG seropositivity rates (n = 714) increased to 74% for IAV H1N1, 71% for IAV vaccine, 49% for IAV H3N2, 47% for IBV Yamagata, 49% for IBV Victoria, 68% for RSV, and 58% for AdV. By analyzing increases in antibody levels not biased by vaccinations, we found a reinfection rate of 40% for RSV and 31% for AdV in children between 1 and 2 years of age. IMPORTANCE The multiplex immunoassay was successfully used to simultaneously detect antibodies against seven different viruses. The developed serological microarray is a new promising tool for diagnostic, epidemiological, and seroprevalence analyses of virus infections.
format	article
author	Anna Kazakova Laura Kakkola Henna Päkkilä Tamara Teros-Jaakkola Tero Soukka Ville Peltola Matti Waris Ilkka Julkunen
author_facet	Anna Kazakova Laura Kakkola Henna Päkkilä Tamara Teros-Jaakkola Tero Soukka Ville Peltola Matti Waris Ilkka Julkunen
author_sort	Anna Kazakova
title	Serological Array-in-Well Multiplex Assay Reveals a High Rate of Respiratory Virus Infections and Reinfections in Young Children
title_short	Serological Array-in-Well Multiplex Assay Reveals a High Rate of Respiratory Virus Infections and Reinfections in Young Children
title_full	Serological Array-in-Well Multiplex Assay Reveals a High Rate of Respiratory Virus Infections and Reinfections in Young Children
title_fullStr	Serological Array-in-Well Multiplex Assay Reveals a High Rate of Respiratory Virus Infections and Reinfections in Young Children
title_full_unstemmed	Serological Array-in-Well Multiplex Assay Reveals a High Rate of Respiratory Virus Infections and Reinfections in Young Children
title_sort	serological array-in-well multiplex assay reveals a high rate of respiratory virus infections and reinfections in young children
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2019
url	https://doaj.org/article/61a6c64c30fb4c77b160ba6a7b3f47fe
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Serological Array-in-Well Multiplex Assay Reveals a High Rate of Respiratory Virus Infections and Reinfections in Young Children

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