Tobacco, Alcohol, and Cancer in Low and High Income Countries

Background: Tobacco use is a well-established risk factor for cancers of the lung, head and neck, <a title="Learn more about Nasopharynx" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/nasopharynx">nasopharynx</a>, <a title="Learn more about...

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Autores principales:	Yuan-Chin Amy Lee, Mia Hashibe
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Ubiquity Press 2014
Materias:	alcohol cancer low- and middle-income countries tobacco Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/61c579dd2dd44d10a5646a215eae5c6c
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:61c579dd2dd44d10a5646a215eae5c6c2021-12-02T03:07:42ZTobacco, Alcohol, and Cancer in Low and High Income Countries2214-999610.1016/j.aogh.2014.09.010https://doaj.org/article/61c579dd2dd44d10a5646a215eae5c6c2014-12-01T00:00:00Zhttps://annalsofglobalhealth.org/articles/2071https://doaj.org/toc/2214-9996Background: Tobacco use is a well-established risk factor for cancers of the lung, head and neck, <a title="Learn more about Nasopharynx" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/nasopharynx">nasopharynx</a>, <a title="Learn more about Esophagus" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/esophagus">esophagus</a>, stomach, pancreas, liver, kidney, bladder, <a title="Learn more about Leukemia" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/leukemia">leukemia</a>, and <a title="Learn more about Cervix" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/cervix">cervix</a>. <a title="Learn more about Alcohol Consumption" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/alcohol-consumption">Alcohol consumption</a> is a well-established risk factor for cancers of the head and neck, esophagus, liver, colorectum, and breast for women only. The majority of studies on tobacco and alcohol were conducted in high-income countries (HICs). Objective: The aim of this review was to assess the extent of tobacco and alcohol usage and to compare the cancer burden between low- and high-income regions. Findings: Overall, tobacco smoking is estimated to account for 21% of cancer deaths worldwide (29% in HICs and 18% in low- and middle-income countries [LMICs]). Alcohol consumption is estimated to account for 5% of all cancer deaths worldwide, with similar proportions in LMICs. Cancers of the breast, lung, stomach, liver, head and neck, esophagus, cervix, and nasopharynx, and leukemia are already diagnosed in greater numbers each year in less-developed countries compared with more developed countries. The future burden of tobacco- and alcohol-related cancers on less-developed regions is expected to increase greatly based on demographic effects, with a 69.9% increase in tobacco-related cancer cases and a 68% increase in cancers related to alcohol. Although HICs have experienced a decrease in tobacco prevalence in recent decades, LMICs are still in the early stages of the tobacco epidemic. Conclusion: Tobacco use and alcohol consumption will clearly remain important risk factors that must be targeted with public health efforts particularly in LMICs.Yuan-Chin Amy LeeMia HashibeUbiquity Pressarticlealcoholcancerlow- and middle-income countriestobaccoInfectious and parasitic diseasesRC109-216Public aspects of medicineRA1-1270ENAnnals of Global Health, Vol 80, Iss 5, Pp 378-383 (2014)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	alcohol cancer low- and middle-income countries tobacco Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
spellingShingle	alcohol cancer low- and middle-income countries tobacco Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Yuan-Chin Amy Lee Mia Hashibe Tobacco, Alcohol, and Cancer in Low and High Income Countries
description	Background: Tobacco use is a well-established risk factor for cancers of the lung, head and neck, <a title="Learn more about Nasopharynx" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/nasopharynx">nasopharynx</a>, <a title="Learn more about Esophagus" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/esophagus">esophagus</a>, stomach, pancreas, liver, kidney, bladder, <a title="Learn more about Leukemia" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/leukemia">leukemia</a>, and <a title="Learn more about Cervix" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/cervix">cervix</a>. <a title="Learn more about Alcohol Consumption" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/alcohol-consumption">Alcohol consumption</a> is a well-established risk factor for cancers of the head and neck, esophagus, liver, colorectum, and breast for women only. The majority of studies on tobacco and alcohol were conducted in high-income countries (HICs). Objective: The aim of this review was to assess the extent of tobacco and alcohol usage and to compare the cancer burden between low- and high-income regions. Findings: Overall, tobacco smoking is estimated to account for 21% of cancer deaths worldwide (29% in HICs and 18% in low- and middle-income countries [LMICs]). Alcohol consumption is estimated to account for 5% of all cancer deaths worldwide, with similar proportions in LMICs. Cancers of the breast, lung, stomach, liver, head and neck, esophagus, cervix, and nasopharynx, and leukemia are already diagnosed in greater numbers each year in less-developed countries compared with more developed countries. The future burden of tobacco- and alcohol-related cancers on less-developed regions is expected to increase greatly based on demographic effects, with a 69.9% increase in tobacco-related cancer cases and a 68% increase in cancers related to alcohol. Although HICs have experienced a decrease in tobacco prevalence in recent decades, LMICs are still in the early stages of the tobacco epidemic. Conclusion: Tobacco use and alcohol consumption will clearly remain important risk factors that must be targeted with public health efforts particularly in LMICs.
format	article
author	Yuan-Chin Amy Lee Mia Hashibe
author_facet	Yuan-Chin Amy Lee Mia Hashibe
author_sort	Yuan-Chin Amy Lee
title	Tobacco, Alcohol, and Cancer in Low and High Income Countries
title_short	Tobacco, Alcohol, and Cancer in Low and High Income Countries
title_full	Tobacco, Alcohol, and Cancer in Low and High Income Countries
title_fullStr	Tobacco, Alcohol, and Cancer in Low and High Income Countries
title_full_unstemmed	Tobacco, Alcohol, and Cancer in Low and High Income Countries
title_sort	tobacco, alcohol, and cancer in low and high income countries
publisher	Ubiquity Press
publishDate	2014
url	https://doaj.org/article/61c579dd2dd44d10a5646a215eae5c6c
work_keys_str_mv	AT yuanchinamylee tobaccoalcoholandcancerinlowandhighincomecountries AT miahashibe tobaccoalcoholandcancerinlowandhighincomecountries
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Tobacco, Alcohol, and Cancer in Low and High Income Countries

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