Contactless Vital Sign Monitoring System for Heart and Respiratory Rate Measurements with Motion Compensation Using a Near-Infrared Time-of-Flight Camera

This study describes a contactless vital sign monitoring (CVSM) system capable of measuring heart rate (HR) and respiration rate (RR) using a low-power, indirect time-of-flight (ToF) camera. The system takes advantage of both the active infrared illumination as well as the additional depth informati...

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Autores principales:	Kaiwen Guo, Tianqu Zhai, Elton Pashollari, Christopher J. Varlamos, Aymaan Ahmed, Mohammed N. Islam
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	time-of-flight contactless physiological measurement heart rate monitoring motion artifacts compensation Technology T Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/61c6f81db3e44113bf8341f04207b360
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:61c6f81db3e44113bf8341f04207b3602021-11-25T16:40:41ZContactless Vital Sign Monitoring System for Heart and Respiratory Rate Measurements with Motion Compensation Using a Near-Infrared Time-of-Flight Camera10.3390/app1122109132076-3417https://doaj.org/article/61c6f81db3e44113bf8341f04207b3602021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/22/10913https://doaj.org/toc/2076-3417This study describes a contactless vital sign monitoring (CVSM) system capable of measuring heart rate (HR) and respiration rate (RR) using a low-power, indirect time-of-flight (ToF) camera. The system takes advantage of both the active infrared illumination as well as the additional depth information from the ToF camera to compensate for the motion-induced artifacts during the HR measurements. The depth information captures how the user is moving with respect to the camera and, therefore, can be used to differentiate where the intensity change in the raw signal is from the underlying heartbeat or motion. Moreover, from the depth information, the system can acquire respiration rate by directly measuring the motion of the chest wall during breathing. We also conducted a pilot human study using this system with 29 participants of different demographics such as age, gender, and skin color. Our study shows that with depth-based motion compensation, the success rate (system measurement within 10% of reference) of HR measurements increases to 75%, as compared to 35% when motion compensation is not used. The mean HR deviation from the reference also drops from 21 BPM to −6.25 BPM when we apply the depth-based motion compensation. In terms of the RR measurement, our system shows a mean deviation of 1.7 BPM from the reference measurement. The pilot human study shows the system performance is independent of skin color but weakly dependent on gender and age.Kaiwen GuoTianqu ZhaiElton PashollariChristopher J. VarlamosAymaan AhmedMohammed N. IslamMDPI AGarticletime-of-flightcontactless physiological measurementheart rate monitoringmotion artifacts compensationTechnologyTEngineering (General). Civil engineering (General)TA1-2040Biology (General)QH301-705.5PhysicsQC1-999ChemistryQD1-999ENApplied Sciences, Vol 11, Iss 10913, p 10913 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	time-of-flight contactless physiological measurement heart rate monitoring motion artifacts compensation Technology T Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999
spellingShingle	time-of-flight contactless physiological measurement heart rate monitoring motion artifacts compensation Technology T Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999 Kaiwen Guo Tianqu Zhai Elton Pashollari Christopher J. Varlamos Aymaan Ahmed Mohammed N. Islam Contactless Vital Sign Monitoring System for Heart and Respiratory Rate Measurements with Motion Compensation Using a Near-Infrared Time-of-Flight Camera
description	This study describes a contactless vital sign monitoring (CVSM) system capable of measuring heart rate (HR) and respiration rate (RR) using a low-power, indirect time-of-flight (ToF) camera. The system takes advantage of both the active infrared illumination as well as the additional depth information from the ToF camera to compensate for the motion-induced artifacts during the HR measurements. The depth information captures how the user is moving with respect to the camera and, therefore, can be used to differentiate where the intensity change in the raw signal is from the underlying heartbeat or motion. Moreover, from the depth information, the system can acquire respiration rate by directly measuring the motion of the chest wall during breathing. We also conducted a pilot human study using this system with 29 participants of different demographics such as age, gender, and skin color. Our study shows that with depth-based motion compensation, the success rate (system measurement within 10% of reference) of HR measurements increases to 75%, as compared to 35% when motion compensation is not used. The mean HR deviation from the reference also drops from 21 BPM to −6.25 BPM when we apply the depth-based motion compensation. In terms of the RR measurement, our system shows a mean deviation of 1.7 BPM from the reference measurement. The pilot human study shows the system performance is independent of skin color but weakly dependent on gender and age.
format	article
author	Kaiwen Guo Tianqu Zhai Elton Pashollari Christopher J. Varlamos Aymaan Ahmed Mohammed N. Islam
author_facet	Kaiwen Guo Tianqu Zhai Elton Pashollari Christopher J. Varlamos Aymaan Ahmed Mohammed N. Islam
author_sort	Kaiwen Guo
title	Contactless Vital Sign Monitoring System for Heart and Respiratory Rate Measurements with Motion Compensation Using a Near-Infrared Time-of-Flight Camera
title_short	Contactless Vital Sign Monitoring System for Heart and Respiratory Rate Measurements with Motion Compensation Using a Near-Infrared Time-of-Flight Camera
title_full	Contactless Vital Sign Monitoring System for Heart and Respiratory Rate Measurements with Motion Compensation Using a Near-Infrared Time-of-Flight Camera
title_fullStr	Contactless Vital Sign Monitoring System for Heart and Respiratory Rate Measurements with Motion Compensation Using a Near-Infrared Time-of-Flight Camera
title_full_unstemmed	Contactless Vital Sign Monitoring System for Heart and Respiratory Rate Measurements with Motion Compensation Using a Near-Infrared Time-of-Flight Camera
title_sort	contactless vital sign monitoring system for heart and respiratory rate measurements with motion compensation using a near-infrared time-of-flight camera
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/61c6f81db3e44113bf8341f04207b360
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Contactless Vital Sign Monitoring System for Heart and Respiratory Rate Measurements with Motion Compensation Using a Near-Infrared Time-of-Flight Camera

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