Changes in the dollar value of per capita alcohol, essential, and non-essential retail sales in Canada during COVID-19

Abstract Background Multiple survey reports suggest that alcohol use has increased in Canada during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, less is known about how per capita alcohol sales, which predict population-level alcohol use, have changed and whether changes in alcohol sales differ from changes in s...

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Autores principales:	Daniel T. Myran, Brendan T. Smith, Nathan Cantor, Lennon Li, Sudipta Saha, Catherine Paradis, Rebecca Jesseman, Peter Tanuseputro, Erin Hobin
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	BMC 2021
Materias:	Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/61d02598bed9470b9ddcb853226375a4
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:61d02598bed9470b9ddcb853226375a42021-11-28T12:12:42ZChanges in the dollar value of per capita alcohol, essential, and non-essential retail sales in Canada during COVID-1910.1186/s12889-021-12226-11471-2458https://doaj.org/article/61d02598bed9470b9ddcb853226375a42021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-12226-1https://doaj.org/toc/1471-2458Abstract Background Multiple survey reports suggest that alcohol use has increased in Canada during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, less is known about how per capita alcohol sales, which predict population-level alcohol use, have changed and whether changes in alcohol sales differ from changes in sales of other products due to pandemic factors. Methods We obtained monthly retail sales data by industry from Statistics Canada, for the six largest provinces in Canada (containing 93% of the national population), between January 2010 and November 2020, representing time before and 9 months after the start of the pandemic in Canada. We used an interrupted time series analysis to estimate pandemic impacts on the dollar value of monthly per capita (per individuals 15+ years) alcohol, essential and non-essential retail sales. We adjusted our analyses for pre-pandemic sales trends, inflation, seasonality and changing population demographics over time. Results During the first 9 months of the pandemic, the values of per capita alcohol, essential and non-essential sales were, respectively, 13.2% higher, 3.6% higher and 13.1% lower than the average values during the same period in the prior 3 years. Interrupted time series models showed significant level change for the value of monthly per capita alcohol sales (+$4.86, 95% CIs: 2.88, 6.83), essential sales (−$59.80, 95% CIs: − 78.47, − 41.03) and non-essential sales (−$308.70, 95% CIs: − $326.60, − 290.79) during the pandemic. Alcohol sales were consistently elevated during the pandemic, and the pre- and post-pandemic slopes were comparable. In contrast, essential and non-essential retail sales declined in the early months of the pandemic before returning to regular spending levels. Conclusion During the first 9 months of the pandemic, per capita alcohol sales were moderately elevated in Canada. In contrast, non-essential sales were lower than prior years, driven by large decreases during the initial months of the pandemic. These findings suggest that the pandemic was associated with increased population-level alcohol consumption, which may lead to increased alcohol-related harms. Ongoing research is needed to examine how factors, including pandemic-related stressors and specific alcohol sales-related policies, may have influenced changes in alcohol use and harms.Daniel T. MyranBrendan T. SmithNathan CantorLennon LiSudipta SahaCatherine ParadisRebecca JessemanPeter TanuseputroErin HobinBMCarticlePublic aspects of medicineRA1-1270ENBMC Public Health, Vol 21, Iss 1, Pp 1-9 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
spellingShingle	Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Daniel T. Myran Brendan T. Smith Nathan Cantor Lennon Li Sudipta Saha Catherine Paradis Rebecca Jesseman Peter Tanuseputro Erin Hobin Changes in the dollar value of per capita alcohol, essential, and non-essential retail sales in Canada during COVID-19
description	Abstract Background Multiple survey reports suggest that alcohol use has increased in Canada during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, less is known about how per capita alcohol sales, which predict population-level alcohol use, have changed and whether changes in alcohol sales differ from changes in sales of other products due to pandemic factors. Methods We obtained monthly retail sales data by industry from Statistics Canada, for the six largest provinces in Canada (containing 93% of the national population), between January 2010 and November 2020, representing time before and 9 months after the start of the pandemic in Canada. We used an interrupted time series analysis to estimate pandemic impacts on the dollar value of monthly per capita (per individuals 15+ years) alcohol, essential and non-essential retail sales. We adjusted our analyses for pre-pandemic sales trends, inflation, seasonality and changing population demographics over time. Results During the first 9 months of the pandemic, the values of per capita alcohol, essential and non-essential sales were, respectively, 13.2% higher, 3.6% higher and 13.1% lower than the average values during the same period in the prior 3 years. Interrupted time series models showed significant level change for the value of monthly per capita alcohol sales (+$4.86, 95% CIs: 2.88, 6.83), essential sales (−$59.80, 95% CIs: − 78.47, − 41.03) and non-essential sales (−$308.70, 95% CIs: − $326.60, − 290.79) during the pandemic. Alcohol sales were consistently elevated during the pandemic, and the pre- and post-pandemic slopes were comparable. In contrast, essential and non-essential retail sales declined in the early months of the pandemic before returning to regular spending levels. Conclusion During the first 9 months of the pandemic, per capita alcohol sales were moderately elevated in Canada. In contrast, non-essential sales were lower than prior years, driven by large decreases during the initial months of the pandemic. These findings suggest that the pandemic was associated with increased population-level alcohol consumption, which may lead to increased alcohol-related harms. Ongoing research is needed to examine how factors, including pandemic-related stressors and specific alcohol sales-related policies, may have influenced changes in alcohol use and harms.
format	article
author	Daniel T. Myran Brendan T. Smith Nathan Cantor Lennon Li Sudipta Saha Catherine Paradis Rebecca Jesseman Peter Tanuseputro Erin Hobin
author_facet	Daniel T. Myran Brendan T. Smith Nathan Cantor Lennon Li Sudipta Saha Catherine Paradis Rebecca Jesseman Peter Tanuseputro Erin Hobin
author_sort	Daniel T. Myran
title	Changes in the dollar value of per capita alcohol, essential, and non-essential retail sales in Canada during COVID-19
title_short	Changes in the dollar value of per capita alcohol, essential, and non-essential retail sales in Canada during COVID-19
title_full	Changes in the dollar value of per capita alcohol, essential, and non-essential retail sales in Canada during COVID-19
title_fullStr	Changes in the dollar value of per capita alcohol, essential, and non-essential retail sales in Canada during COVID-19
title_full_unstemmed	Changes in the dollar value of per capita alcohol, essential, and non-essential retail sales in Canada during COVID-19
title_sort	changes in the dollar value of per capita alcohol, essential, and non-essential retail sales in canada during covid-19
publisher	BMC
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/61d02598bed9470b9ddcb853226375a4
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Changes in the dollar value of per capita alcohol, essential, and non-essential retail sales in Canada during COVID-19

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