Success in developing regions: world records evolution through a geopolitical prism.

A previous analysis of World Records (WR) has revealed the potential limits of human physiology through athletes' personal commitment. The impact of political factors on sports has only been studied through Olympic medals and results. Here we studied 2876 WR from 63 nations in four summer disci...

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Autores principales:	Marion Guillaume, Nour El Helou, Hala Nassif, Geoffroy Berthelot, Stéphane Len, Valérie Thibault, Muriel Tafflet, Laurent Quinquis, François Desgorces, Olivier Hermine, Jean-François Toussaint
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2009
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/61fec4f6285742158b529917dc97c2af
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:61fec4f6285742158b529917dc97c2af
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:61fec4f6285742158b529917dc97c2af2021-11-25T06:28:28ZSuccess in developing regions: world records evolution through a geopolitical prism.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0007573https://doaj.org/article/61fec4f6285742158b529917dc97c2af2009-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/19862324/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203A previous analysis of World Records (WR) has revealed the potential limits of human physiology through athletes' personal commitment. The impact of political factors on sports has only been studied through Olympic medals and results. Here we studied 2876 WR from 63 nations in four summer disciplines. We propose three new indicators and show the impact of historical, geographical and economical factors on the regional WR evolution. The south-eastward path of weighted annual barycenter (i.e. the average of country coordinates weighting by the WR number) shows the emergence of East Africa and China in WR archives. Home WR ratio decreased from 79.9% before the second World War to 23.3% in 2008, underlining sports globalization. Annual Cumulative Proportions (ACP, i.e. the cumulative sum of the WR annual rate) highlight the regional rates of progression. For all regions, the mean slope of ACP during the Olympic era is 0.0101, with a maximum between 1950 and 1989 (0.0156). For European countries, this indicator reflects major historical events (slowdown for western countries after 1945, slowdown for eastern countries after 1990). Mean North-American ACP slope is 0.0029 over the century with an acceleration between 1950 and 1989 at 0.0046. Russia takes off in 1935 and slows down in 1988 (0.0038). For Eastern Europe, maximal progression is seen between 1970 and 1989 (0.0045). China starts in 1979 with a maximum between 1990 and 2008 (0.0021), while other regions have largely declined (mean ACP slope for all other countries = 0.0011). A similar trend is observed for the evolution of the 10 best performers. The national analysis of WR reveals a precise and quantifiable link between the sport performances of a country, its historical or geopolitical context, and its steps of development.Marion GuillaumeNour El HelouHala NassifGeoffroy BerthelotStéphane LenValérie ThibaultMuriel TaffletLaurent QuinquisFrançois DesgorcesOlivier HermineJean-François ToussaintPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 4, Iss 10, p e7573 (2009)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Marion Guillaume Nour El Helou Hala Nassif Geoffroy Berthelot Stéphane Len Valérie Thibault Muriel Tafflet Laurent Quinquis François Desgorces Olivier Hermine Jean-François Toussaint Success in developing regions: world records evolution through a geopolitical prism.
description	A previous analysis of World Records (WR) has revealed the potential limits of human physiology through athletes' personal commitment. The impact of political factors on sports has only been studied through Olympic medals and results. Here we studied 2876 WR from 63 nations in four summer disciplines. We propose three new indicators and show the impact of historical, geographical and economical factors on the regional WR evolution. The south-eastward path of weighted annual barycenter (i.e. the average of country coordinates weighting by the WR number) shows the emergence of East Africa and China in WR archives. Home WR ratio decreased from 79.9% before the second World War to 23.3% in 2008, underlining sports globalization. Annual Cumulative Proportions (ACP, i.e. the cumulative sum of the WR annual rate) highlight the regional rates of progression. For all regions, the mean slope of ACP during the Olympic era is 0.0101, with a maximum between 1950 and 1989 (0.0156). For European countries, this indicator reflects major historical events (slowdown for western countries after 1945, slowdown for eastern countries after 1990). Mean North-American ACP slope is 0.0029 over the century with an acceleration between 1950 and 1989 at 0.0046. Russia takes off in 1935 and slows down in 1988 (0.0038). For Eastern Europe, maximal progression is seen between 1970 and 1989 (0.0045). China starts in 1979 with a maximum between 1990 and 2008 (0.0021), while other regions have largely declined (mean ACP slope for all other countries = 0.0011). A similar trend is observed for the evolution of the 10 best performers. The national analysis of WR reveals a precise and quantifiable link between the sport performances of a country, its historical or geopolitical context, and its steps of development.
format	article
author	Marion Guillaume Nour El Helou Hala Nassif Geoffroy Berthelot Stéphane Len Valérie Thibault Muriel Tafflet Laurent Quinquis François Desgorces Olivier Hermine Jean-François Toussaint
author_facet	Marion Guillaume Nour El Helou Hala Nassif Geoffroy Berthelot Stéphane Len Valérie Thibault Muriel Tafflet Laurent Quinquis François Desgorces Olivier Hermine Jean-François Toussaint
author_sort	Marion Guillaume
title	Success in developing regions: world records evolution through a geopolitical prism.
title_short	Success in developing regions: world records evolution through a geopolitical prism.
title_full	Success in developing regions: world records evolution through a geopolitical prism.
title_fullStr	Success in developing regions: world records evolution through a geopolitical prism.
title_full_unstemmed	Success in developing regions: world records evolution through a geopolitical prism.
title_sort	success in developing regions: world records evolution through a geopolitical prism.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2009
url	https://doaj.org/article/61fec4f6285742158b529917dc97c2af
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Success in developing regions: world records evolution through a geopolitical prism.

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