Phospholipase D family member 4, a transmembrane glycoprotein with no phospholipase D activity, expression in spleen and early postnatal microglia.
<h4>Background</h4>Phospholipase D (PLD) catalyzes conversion of phosphatidylcholine into choline and phosphatidic acid, leading to a variety of intracellular signal transduction events. Two classical PLDs, PLD1 and PLD2, contain phosphatidylinositide-binding PX and PH domains and two co...
Guardado en:
| Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Formato: | article |
| Lenguaje: | EN |
| Publicado: |
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2010
|
| Materias: | |
| Acceso en línea: | https://doaj.org/article/6211fc39f972439486239cf247bf00a4 |
| Etiquetas: |
Agregar Etiqueta
Sin Etiquetas, Sea el primero en etiquetar este registro!
|
| id |
oai:doaj.org-article:6211fc39f972439486239cf247bf00a4 |
|---|---|
| record_format |
dspace |
| spelling |
oai:doaj.org-article:6211fc39f972439486239cf247bf00a42021-11-18T07:36:56ZPhospholipase D family member 4, a transmembrane glycoprotein with no phospholipase D activity, expression in spleen and early postnatal microglia.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0013932https://doaj.org/article/6211fc39f972439486239cf247bf00a42010-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/21085684/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Background</h4>Phospholipase D (PLD) catalyzes conversion of phosphatidylcholine into choline and phosphatidic acid, leading to a variety of intracellular signal transduction events. Two classical PLDs, PLD1 and PLD2, contain phosphatidylinositide-binding PX and PH domains and two conserved His-x-Lys-(x)(4)-Asp (HKD) motifs, which are critical for PLD activity. PLD4 officially belongs to the PLD family, because it possesses two HKD motifs. However, it lacks PX and PH domains and has a putative transmembrane domain instead. Nevertheless, little is known regarding expression, structure, and function of PLD4.<h4>Methodology/principal findings</h4>PLD4 was analyzed in terms of expression, structure, and function. Expression was analyzed in developing mouse brains and non-neuronal tissues using microarray, in situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry, and immunocytochemistry. Structure was evaluated using bioinformatics analysis of protein domains, biochemical analyses of transmembrane property, and enzymatic deglycosylation. PLD activity was examined by choline release and transphosphatidylation assays. Results demonstrated low to modest, but characteristic, PLD4 mRNA expression in a subset of cells preferentially localized around white matter regions, including the corpus callosum and cerebellar white matter, during the first postnatal week. These PLD4 mRNA-expressing cells were identified as Iba1-positive microglia. In non-neuronal tissues, PLD4 mRNA expression was widespread, but predominantly distributed in the spleen. Intense PLD4 expression was detected around the marginal zone of the splenic red pulp, and splenic PLD4 protein recovered from subcellular membrane fractions was highly N-glycosylated. PLD4 was heterologously expressed in cell lines and localized in the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. Moreover, heterologously expressed PLD4 proteins did not exhibit PLD enzymatic activity.<h4>Conclusions/significance</h4>Results showed that PLD4 is a non-PLD, HKD motif-carrying, transmembrane glycoprotein localized in the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. The spatiotemporally restricted expression patterns suggested that PLD4 might play a role in common function(s) among microglia during early postnatal brain development and splenic marginal zone cells.Fumio YoshikawaYoshiko BannoYoshinori OtaniYoshihide YamaguchiYuko Nagakura-TakagiNoriyuki MoritaYumi SatoChihiro SarutaHirozumi NishibeTetsushi SadakataYo ShinodaKanehiro HayashiYuriko MishimaHiroko BabaTeiichi FuruichiPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 5, Iss 11, p e13932 (2010) |
| institution |
DOAJ |
| collection |
DOAJ |
| language |
EN |
| topic |
Medicine R Science Q |
| spellingShingle |
Medicine R Science Q Fumio Yoshikawa Yoshiko Banno Yoshinori Otani Yoshihide Yamaguchi Yuko Nagakura-Takagi Noriyuki Morita Yumi Sato Chihiro Saruta Hirozumi Nishibe Tetsushi Sadakata Yo Shinoda Kanehiro Hayashi Yuriko Mishima Hiroko Baba Teiichi Furuichi Phospholipase D family member 4, a transmembrane glycoprotein with no phospholipase D activity, expression in spleen and early postnatal microglia. |
| description |
<h4>Background</h4>Phospholipase D (PLD) catalyzes conversion of phosphatidylcholine into choline and phosphatidic acid, leading to a variety of intracellular signal transduction events. Two classical PLDs, PLD1 and PLD2, contain phosphatidylinositide-binding PX and PH domains and two conserved His-x-Lys-(x)(4)-Asp (HKD) motifs, which are critical for PLD activity. PLD4 officially belongs to the PLD family, because it possesses two HKD motifs. However, it lacks PX and PH domains and has a putative transmembrane domain instead. Nevertheless, little is known regarding expression, structure, and function of PLD4.<h4>Methodology/principal findings</h4>PLD4 was analyzed in terms of expression, structure, and function. Expression was analyzed in developing mouse brains and non-neuronal tissues using microarray, in situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry, and immunocytochemistry. Structure was evaluated using bioinformatics analysis of protein domains, biochemical analyses of transmembrane property, and enzymatic deglycosylation. PLD activity was examined by choline release and transphosphatidylation assays. Results demonstrated low to modest, but characteristic, PLD4 mRNA expression in a subset of cells preferentially localized around white matter regions, including the corpus callosum and cerebellar white matter, during the first postnatal week. These PLD4 mRNA-expressing cells were identified as Iba1-positive microglia. In non-neuronal tissues, PLD4 mRNA expression was widespread, but predominantly distributed in the spleen. Intense PLD4 expression was detected around the marginal zone of the splenic red pulp, and splenic PLD4 protein recovered from subcellular membrane fractions was highly N-glycosylated. PLD4 was heterologously expressed in cell lines and localized in the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. Moreover, heterologously expressed PLD4 proteins did not exhibit PLD enzymatic activity.<h4>Conclusions/significance</h4>Results showed that PLD4 is a non-PLD, HKD motif-carrying, transmembrane glycoprotein localized in the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. The spatiotemporally restricted expression patterns suggested that PLD4 might play a role in common function(s) among microglia during early postnatal brain development and splenic marginal zone cells. |
| format |
article |
| author |
Fumio Yoshikawa Yoshiko Banno Yoshinori Otani Yoshihide Yamaguchi Yuko Nagakura-Takagi Noriyuki Morita Yumi Sato Chihiro Saruta Hirozumi Nishibe Tetsushi Sadakata Yo Shinoda Kanehiro Hayashi Yuriko Mishima Hiroko Baba Teiichi Furuichi |
| author_facet |
Fumio Yoshikawa Yoshiko Banno Yoshinori Otani Yoshihide Yamaguchi Yuko Nagakura-Takagi Noriyuki Morita Yumi Sato Chihiro Saruta Hirozumi Nishibe Tetsushi Sadakata Yo Shinoda Kanehiro Hayashi Yuriko Mishima Hiroko Baba Teiichi Furuichi |
| author_sort |
Fumio Yoshikawa |
| title |
Phospholipase D family member 4, a transmembrane glycoprotein with no phospholipase D activity, expression in spleen and early postnatal microglia. |
| title_short |
Phospholipase D family member 4, a transmembrane glycoprotein with no phospholipase D activity, expression in spleen and early postnatal microglia. |
| title_full |
Phospholipase D family member 4, a transmembrane glycoprotein with no phospholipase D activity, expression in spleen and early postnatal microglia. |
| title_fullStr |
Phospholipase D family member 4, a transmembrane glycoprotein with no phospholipase D activity, expression in spleen and early postnatal microglia. |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Phospholipase D family member 4, a transmembrane glycoprotein with no phospholipase D activity, expression in spleen and early postnatal microglia. |
| title_sort |
phospholipase d family member 4, a transmembrane glycoprotein with no phospholipase d activity, expression in spleen and early postnatal microglia. |
| publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| publishDate |
2010 |
| url |
https://doaj.org/article/6211fc39f972439486239cf247bf00a4 |
| work_keys_str_mv |
AT fumioyoshikawa phospholipasedfamilymember4atransmembraneglycoproteinwithnophospholipasedactivityexpressioninspleenandearlypostnatalmicroglia AT yoshikobanno phospholipasedfamilymember4atransmembraneglycoproteinwithnophospholipasedactivityexpressioninspleenandearlypostnatalmicroglia AT yoshinoriotani phospholipasedfamilymember4atransmembraneglycoproteinwithnophospholipasedactivityexpressioninspleenandearlypostnatalmicroglia AT yoshihideyamaguchi phospholipasedfamilymember4atransmembraneglycoproteinwithnophospholipasedactivityexpressioninspleenandearlypostnatalmicroglia AT yukonagakuratakagi phospholipasedfamilymember4atransmembraneglycoproteinwithnophospholipasedactivityexpressioninspleenandearlypostnatalmicroglia AT noriyukimorita phospholipasedfamilymember4atransmembraneglycoproteinwithnophospholipasedactivityexpressioninspleenandearlypostnatalmicroglia AT yumisato phospholipasedfamilymember4atransmembraneglycoproteinwithnophospholipasedactivityexpressioninspleenandearlypostnatalmicroglia AT chihirosaruta phospholipasedfamilymember4atransmembraneglycoproteinwithnophospholipasedactivityexpressioninspleenandearlypostnatalmicroglia AT hirozuminishibe phospholipasedfamilymember4atransmembraneglycoproteinwithnophospholipasedactivityexpressioninspleenandearlypostnatalmicroglia AT tetsushisadakata phospholipasedfamilymember4atransmembraneglycoproteinwithnophospholipasedactivityexpressioninspleenandearlypostnatalmicroglia AT yoshinoda phospholipasedfamilymember4atransmembraneglycoproteinwithnophospholipasedactivityexpressioninspleenandearlypostnatalmicroglia AT kanehirohayashi phospholipasedfamilymember4atransmembraneglycoproteinwithnophospholipasedactivityexpressioninspleenandearlypostnatalmicroglia AT yurikomishima phospholipasedfamilymember4atransmembraneglycoproteinwithnophospholipasedactivityexpressioninspleenandearlypostnatalmicroglia AT hirokobaba phospholipasedfamilymember4atransmembraneglycoproteinwithnophospholipasedactivityexpressioninspleenandearlypostnatalmicroglia AT teiichifuruichi phospholipasedfamilymember4atransmembraneglycoproteinwithnophospholipasedactivityexpressioninspleenandearlypostnatalmicroglia |
| _version_ |
1718423163762638848 |