Current Progress and Future Perspectives of Immune Checkpoint in Cancer and Infectious Diseases

The inhibitory regulators, known as immune checkpoints, prevent overreaction of the immune system, avoid normal tissue damage, and maintain immune homeostasis during the antimicrobial or antiviral immune response. Unfortunately, cancer cells can mimic the ligands of immune checkpoints to evade immun...

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Autores principales:	Xin Cai, Huajie Zhan, Yuguang Ye, Jinjin Yang, Minghui Zhang, Jing Li, Yuan Zhuang
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	immune checkpoint immunotherapy cancer microbiome PD-1/PD-L1 Genetics QH426-470
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/622f6f9d86334fd489c5afa50e41584e
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:622f6f9d86334fd489c5afa50e41584e2021-12-01T19:45:17ZCurrent Progress and Future Perspectives of Immune Checkpoint in Cancer and Infectious Diseases1664-802110.3389/fgene.2021.785153https://doaj.org/article/622f6f9d86334fd489c5afa50e41584e2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fgene.2021.785153/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/1664-8021The inhibitory regulators, known as immune checkpoints, prevent overreaction of the immune system, avoid normal tissue damage, and maintain immune homeostasis during the antimicrobial or antiviral immune response. Unfortunately, cancer cells can mimic the ligands of immune checkpoints to evade immune surveillance. Application of immune checkpoint blockade can help dampen the ligands expressed on cancer cells, reverse the exhaustion status of effector T cells, and reinvigorate the antitumor function. Here, we briefly introduce the structure, expression, signaling pathway, and targeted drugs of several inhibitory immune checkpoints (PD-1/PD-L1, CTLA-4, TIM-3, LAG-3, VISTA, and IDO1). And we summarize the application of immune checkpoint inhibitors in tumors, such as single agent and combination therapy and adverse reactions. At the same time, we further discussed the correlation between immune checkpoints and microorganisms and the role of immune checkpoints in microbial-infection diseases. This review focused on the current knowledge about the role of the immune checkpoints will help in applying immune checkpoints for clinical therapy of cancer and other diseases.Xin CaiHuajie ZhanYuguang YeJinjin YangMinghui ZhangJing LiYuan ZhuangFrontiers Media S.A.articleimmune checkpointimmunotherapycancermicrobiomePD-1/PD-L1GeneticsQH426-470ENFrontiers in Genetics, Vol 12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	immune checkpoint immunotherapy cancer microbiome PD-1/PD-L1 Genetics QH426-470
spellingShingle	immune checkpoint immunotherapy cancer microbiome PD-1/PD-L1 Genetics QH426-470 Xin Cai Huajie Zhan Yuguang Ye Jinjin Yang Minghui Zhang Jing Li Yuan Zhuang Current Progress and Future Perspectives of Immune Checkpoint in Cancer and Infectious Diseases
description	The inhibitory regulators, known as immune checkpoints, prevent overreaction of the immune system, avoid normal tissue damage, and maintain immune homeostasis during the antimicrobial or antiviral immune response. Unfortunately, cancer cells can mimic the ligands of immune checkpoints to evade immune surveillance. Application of immune checkpoint blockade can help dampen the ligands expressed on cancer cells, reverse the exhaustion status of effector T cells, and reinvigorate the antitumor function. Here, we briefly introduce the structure, expression, signaling pathway, and targeted drugs of several inhibitory immune checkpoints (PD-1/PD-L1, CTLA-4, TIM-3, LAG-3, VISTA, and IDO1). And we summarize the application of immune checkpoint inhibitors in tumors, such as single agent and combination therapy and adverse reactions. At the same time, we further discussed the correlation between immune checkpoints and microorganisms and the role of immune checkpoints in microbial-infection diseases. This review focused on the current knowledge about the role of the immune checkpoints will help in applying immune checkpoints for clinical therapy of cancer and other diseases.
format	article
author	Xin Cai Huajie Zhan Yuguang Ye Jinjin Yang Minghui Zhang Jing Li Yuan Zhuang
author_facet	Xin Cai Huajie Zhan Yuguang Ye Jinjin Yang Minghui Zhang Jing Li Yuan Zhuang
author_sort	Xin Cai
title	Current Progress and Future Perspectives of Immune Checkpoint in Cancer and Infectious Diseases
title_short	Current Progress and Future Perspectives of Immune Checkpoint in Cancer and Infectious Diseases
title_full	Current Progress and Future Perspectives of Immune Checkpoint in Cancer and Infectious Diseases
title_fullStr	Current Progress and Future Perspectives of Immune Checkpoint in Cancer and Infectious Diseases
title_full_unstemmed	Current Progress and Future Perspectives of Immune Checkpoint in Cancer and Infectious Diseases
title_sort	current progress and future perspectives of immune checkpoint in cancer and infectious diseases
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/622f6f9d86334fd489c5afa50e41584e
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Current Progress and Future Perspectives of Immune Checkpoint in Cancer and Infectious Diseases

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