Dynamics of Soil Microbial Communities During Diazepam and Oxazepam Biodegradation in Soil Flooded by Water From a WWTP

The demand for energy and chemicals is constantly growing, leading to an increase of the amounts of contaminants discharged to the environment. Among these, pharmaceutical molecules are frequently found in treated wastewater that is discharged into superficial waters. Indeed, wastewater treatment pl...

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Autores principales:	Marc Crampon, Coralie Soulier, Pauline Sidoli, Jennifer Hellal, Catherine Joulian, Mickaël Charron, Quentin Guillemoto, Géraldine Picot-Colbeaux, Marie Pettenati
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	benzodiazepines soil microbial community biodegradation WWTP Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/624d7babc8674942a4fa02d54aaf346f
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:624d7babc8674942a4fa02d54aaf346f2021-12-01T13:53:01ZDynamics of Soil Microbial Communities During Diazepam and Oxazepam Biodegradation in Soil Flooded by Water From a WWTP1664-302X10.3389/fmicb.2021.742000https://doaj.org/article/624d7babc8674942a4fa02d54aaf346f2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2021.742000/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/1664-302XThe demand for energy and chemicals is constantly growing, leading to an increase of the amounts of contaminants discharged to the environment. Among these, pharmaceutical molecules are frequently found in treated wastewater that is discharged into superficial waters. Indeed, wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are designed to remove organic pollution from urban effluents but are not specific, especially toward contaminants of emerging concern (CECs), which finally reach the natural environment. In this context, it is important to study the fate of micropollutants, especially in a soil aquifer treatment (SAT) context for water from WWTPs, and for the most persistent molecules such as benzodiazepines. In the present study, soils sampled in a reed bed frequently flooded by water from a WWTP were spiked with diazepam and oxazepam in microcosms, and their concentrations were monitored for 97 days. It appeared that the two molecules were completely degraded after 15 days of incubation. Samples were collected during the experiment in order to follow the dynamics of the microbial communities, based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing for Archaea and Bacteria, and ITS2 gene for Fungi. The evolution of diversity and of specific operating taxonomic units (OTUs) highlighted an impact of the addition of benzodiazepines, a rapid resilience of the fungal community and an evolution of the bacterial community. It appeared that OTUs from the Brevibacillus genus were more abundant at the beginning of the biodegradation process, for diazepam and oxazepam conditions. Additionally, Tax4Fun tool was applied to 16S rRNA gene sequencing data to infer on the evolution of specific metabolic functions during biodegradation. It finally appeared that the microbial community in soils frequently exposed to water from WWTP, potentially containing CECs such as diazepam and oxazepam, may be adapted to the degradation of persistent contaminants.Marc CramponCoralie SoulierPauline SidoliJennifer HellalCatherine JoulianMickaël CharronQuentin GuillemotoQuentin GuillemotoGéraldine Picot-ColbeauxMarie PettenatiFrontiers Media S.A.articlebenzodiazepinessoilmicrobial communitybiodegradationWWTPMicrobiologyQR1-502ENFrontiers in Microbiology, Vol 12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	benzodiazepines soil microbial community biodegradation WWTP Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	benzodiazepines soil microbial community biodegradation WWTP Microbiology QR1-502 Marc Crampon Coralie Soulier Pauline Sidoli Jennifer Hellal Catherine Joulian Mickaël Charron Quentin Guillemoto Quentin Guillemoto Géraldine Picot-Colbeaux Marie Pettenati Dynamics of Soil Microbial Communities During Diazepam and Oxazepam Biodegradation in Soil Flooded by Water From a WWTP
description	The demand for energy and chemicals is constantly growing, leading to an increase of the amounts of contaminants discharged to the environment. Among these, pharmaceutical molecules are frequently found in treated wastewater that is discharged into superficial waters. Indeed, wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are designed to remove organic pollution from urban effluents but are not specific, especially toward contaminants of emerging concern (CECs), which finally reach the natural environment. In this context, it is important to study the fate of micropollutants, especially in a soil aquifer treatment (SAT) context for water from WWTPs, and for the most persistent molecules such as benzodiazepines. In the present study, soils sampled in a reed bed frequently flooded by water from a WWTP were spiked with diazepam and oxazepam in microcosms, and their concentrations were monitored for 97 days. It appeared that the two molecules were completely degraded after 15 days of incubation. Samples were collected during the experiment in order to follow the dynamics of the microbial communities, based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing for Archaea and Bacteria, and ITS2 gene for Fungi. The evolution of diversity and of specific operating taxonomic units (OTUs) highlighted an impact of the addition of benzodiazepines, a rapid resilience of the fungal community and an evolution of the bacterial community. It appeared that OTUs from the Brevibacillus genus were more abundant at the beginning of the biodegradation process, for diazepam and oxazepam conditions. Additionally, Tax4Fun tool was applied to 16S rRNA gene sequencing data to infer on the evolution of specific metabolic functions during biodegradation. It finally appeared that the microbial community in soils frequently exposed to water from WWTP, potentially containing CECs such as diazepam and oxazepam, may be adapted to the degradation of persistent contaminants.
format	article
author	Marc Crampon Coralie Soulier Pauline Sidoli Jennifer Hellal Catherine Joulian Mickaël Charron Quentin Guillemoto Quentin Guillemoto Géraldine Picot-Colbeaux Marie Pettenati
author_facet	Marc Crampon Coralie Soulier Pauline Sidoli Jennifer Hellal Catherine Joulian Mickaël Charron Quentin Guillemoto Quentin Guillemoto Géraldine Picot-Colbeaux Marie Pettenati
author_sort	Marc Crampon
title	Dynamics of Soil Microbial Communities During Diazepam and Oxazepam Biodegradation in Soil Flooded by Water From a WWTP
title_short	Dynamics of Soil Microbial Communities During Diazepam and Oxazepam Biodegradation in Soil Flooded by Water From a WWTP
title_full	Dynamics of Soil Microbial Communities During Diazepam and Oxazepam Biodegradation in Soil Flooded by Water From a WWTP
title_fullStr	Dynamics of Soil Microbial Communities During Diazepam and Oxazepam Biodegradation in Soil Flooded by Water From a WWTP
title_full_unstemmed	Dynamics of Soil Microbial Communities During Diazepam and Oxazepam Biodegradation in Soil Flooded by Water From a WWTP
title_sort	dynamics of soil microbial communities during diazepam and oxazepam biodegradation in soil flooded by water from a wwtp
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/624d7babc8674942a4fa02d54aaf346f
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Dynamics of Soil Microbial Communities During Diazepam and Oxazepam Biodegradation in Soil Flooded by Water From a WWTP

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