The role of tropical volcanic eruptions in exacerbating Indian droughts

Abstract The Indian summer monsoon rainfall (ISMR) is vital for the livelihood of millions of people in the Indian region; droughts caused by monsoon failures often resulted in famines. Large volcanic eruptions have been linked with reductions in ISMR, but the responsible mechanisms remain unclear....

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Autores principales:	Suvarna Fadnavis, Rolf Müller, Tanusri Chakraborty, T. P. Sabin, Anton Laakso, Alexandru Rap, Sabine Griessbach, Jean-Paul Vernier, Simone Tilmes
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/625317a51cb94377a7a589aa7c21f9c4
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:625317a51cb94377a7a589aa7c21f9c42021-12-02T14:06:50ZThe role of tropical volcanic eruptions in exacerbating Indian droughts10.1038/s41598-021-81566-02045-2322https://doaj.org/article/625317a51cb94377a7a589aa7c21f9c42021-02-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-81566-0https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract The Indian summer monsoon rainfall (ISMR) is vital for the livelihood of millions of people in the Indian region; droughts caused by monsoon failures often resulted in famines. Large volcanic eruptions have been linked with reductions in ISMR, but the responsible mechanisms remain unclear. Here, using 145-year (1871–2016) records of volcanic eruptions and ISMR, we show that ISMR deficits prevail for two years after moderate and large (VEI > 3) tropical volcanic eruptions; this is not the case for extra-tropical eruptions. Moreover, tropical volcanic eruptions strengthen El Niño and weaken La Niña conditions, further enhancing Indian droughts. Using climate-model simulations of the 2011 Nabro volcanic eruption, we show that eruption induced an El Niño like warming in the central Pacific for two consecutive years due to Kelvin wave dissipation triggered by the eruption. This El Niño like warming in the central Pacific led to a precipitation reduction in the Indian region. In addition, solar dimming caused by the volcanic plume in 2011 reduced Indian rainfall.Suvarna FadnavisRolf MüllerTanusri ChakrabortyT. P. SabinAnton LaaksoAlexandru RapSabine GriessbachJean-Paul VernierSimone TilmesNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-13 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Suvarna Fadnavis Rolf Müller Tanusri Chakraborty T. P. Sabin Anton Laakso Alexandru Rap Sabine Griessbach Jean-Paul Vernier Simone Tilmes The role of tropical volcanic eruptions in exacerbating Indian droughts
description	Abstract The Indian summer monsoon rainfall (ISMR) is vital for the livelihood of millions of people in the Indian region; droughts caused by monsoon failures often resulted in famines. Large volcanic eruptions have been linked with reductions in ISMR, but the responsible mechanisms remain unclear. Here, using 145-year (1871–2016) records of volcanic eruptions and ISMR, we show that ISMR deficits prevail for two years after moderate and large (VEI > 3) tropical volcanic eruptions; this is not the case for extra-tropical eruptions. Moreover, tropical volcanic eruptions strengthen El Niño and weaken La Niña conditions, further enhancing Indian droughts. Using climate-model simulations of the 2011 Nabro volcanic eruption, we show that eruption induced an El Niño like warming in the central Pacific for two consecutive years due to Kelvin wave dissipation triggered by the eruption. This El Niño like warming in the central Pacific led to a precipitation reduction in the Indian region. In addition, solar dimming caused by the volcanic plume in 2011 reduced Indian rainfall.
format	article
author	Suvarna Fadnavis Rolf Müller Tanusri Chakraborty T. P. Sabin Anton Laakso Alexandru Rap Sabine Griessbach Jean-Paul Vernier Simone Tilmes
author_facet	Suvarna Fadnavis Rolf Müller Tanusri Chakraborty T. P. Sabin Anton Laakso Alexandru Rap Sabine Griessbach Jean-Paul Vernier Simone Tilmes
author_sort	Suvarna Fadnavis
title	The role of tropical volcanic eruptions in exacerbating Indian droughts
title_short	The role of tropical volcanic eruptions in exacerbating Indian droughts
title_full	The role of tropical volcanic eruptions in exacerbating Indian droughts
title_fullStr	The role of tropical volcanic eruptions in exacerbating Indian droughts
title_full_unstemmed	The role of tropical volcanic eruptions in exacerbating Indian droughts
title_sort	role of tropical volcanic eruptions in exacerbating indian droughts
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/625317a51cb94377a7a589aa7c21f9c4
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The role of tropical volcanic eruptions in exacerbating Indian droughts

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