Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition: A Challenging Playground for Translational Research. Current Models and Focus on <i>TWIST1</i> Relevance and Gastrointestinal Cancers

Resembling the development of cancer by multistep carcinogenesis, the evolution towards metastasis involves several passages, from local invasion and intravasation, encompassing surviving anoikis into the circulation, landing at distant sites and therein establishing colonization, possibly followed...

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Autores principales:	Luana Greco, Federica Rubbino, Alessandra Morelli, Federica Gaiani, Fabio Grizzi, Gian Luigi de’Angelis, Alberto Malesci, Luigi Laghi
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	EMT plasticity gastrointestinal cancer stemness tumor microenvironment progression Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/6255532bcc314e768adcea81bb6e03b1
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:6255532bcc314e768adcea81bb6e03b12021-11-11T16:56:07ZEpithelial to Mesenchymal Transition: A Challenging Playground for Translational Research. Current Models and Focus on <i>TWIST1</i> Relevance and Gastrointestinal Cancers10.3390/ijms2221114691422-00671661-6596https://doaj.org/article/6255532bcc314e768adcea81bb6e03b12021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/21/11469https://doaj.org/toc/1661-6596https://doaj.org/toc/1422-0067Resembling the development of cancer by multistep carcinogenesis, the evolution towards metastasis involves several passages, from local invasion and intravasation, encompassing surviving anoikis into the circulation, landing at distant sites and therein establishing colonization, possibly followed by the outgrowth of macroscopic lesions. Within this cascade, epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) works as a pleiotropic program enabling cancer cells to overcome local, systemic, and distant barriers against diffusion by replacing traits and functions of the epithelial signature with mesenchymal-like ones. Along the transition, a full-blown mesenchymal phenotype may not be accomplished. Rather, the plasticity of the program and its dependency on heterotopic signals implies a pendulum with oscillations towards its reversal, that is mesenchymal to epithelial transition. Cells in intermixed E⇔M states can also display stemness, enabling their replication together with the epithelial reversion next to successful distant colonization. If we aim to include the EMT among the hallmarks of cancer that could modify clinical practice, the gap between the results pursued in basic research by animal models and those achieved in translational research by surrogate biomarkers needs to be filled. We review the knowledge on EMT, derived from models and mechanistic studies as well as from translational studies, with an emphasis on gastrointestinal cancers (GI).Luana GrecoFederica RubbinoAlessandra MorelliFederica GaianiFabio GrizziGian Luigi de’AngelisAlberto MalesciLuigi LaghiMDPI AGarticleEMTplasticitygastrointestinal cancerstemnesstumor microenvironmentprogressionBiology (General)QH301-705.5ChemistryQD1-999ENInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 22, Iss 11469, p 11469 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	EMT plasticity gastrointestinal cancer stemness tumor microenvironment progression Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999
spellingShingle	EMT plasticity gastrointestinal cancer stemness tumor microenvironment progression Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999 Luana Greco Federica Rubbino Alessandra Morelli Federica Gaiani Fabio Grizzi Gian Luigi de’Angelis Alberto Malesci Luigi Laghi Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition: A Challenging Playground for Translational Research. Current Models and Focus on <i>TWIST1</i> Relevance and Gastrointestinal Cancers
description	Resembling the development of cancer by multistep carcinogenesis, the evolution towards metastasis involves several passages, from local invasion and intravasation, encompassing surviving anoikis into the circulation, landing at distant sites and therein establishing colonization, possibly followed by the outgrowth of macroscopic lesions. Within this cascade, epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) works as a pleiotropic program enabling cancer cells to overcome local, systemic, and distant barriers against diffusion by replacing traits and functions of the epithelial signature with mesenchymal-like ones. Along the transition, a full-blown mesenchymal phenotype may not be accomplished. Rather, the plasticity of the program and its dependency on heterotopic signals implies a pendulum with oscillations towards its reversal, that is mesenchymal to epithelial transition. Cells in intermixed E⇔M states can also display stemness, enabling their replication together with the epithelial reversion next to successful distant colonization. If we aim to include the EMT among the hallmarks of cancer that could modify clinical practice, the gap between the results pursued in basic research by animal models and those achieved in translational research by surrogate biomarkers needs to be filled. We review the knowledge on EMT, derived from models and mechanistic studies as well as from translational studies, with an emphasis on gastrointestinal cancers (GI).
format	article
author	Luana Greco Federica Rubbino Alessandra Morelli Federica Gaiani Fabio Grizzi Gian Luigi de’Angelis Alberto Malesci Luigi Laghi
author_facet	Luana Greco Federica Rubbino Alessandra Morelli Federica Gaiani Fabio Grizzi Gian Luigi de’Angelis Alberto Malesci Luigi Laghi
author_sort	Luana Greco
title	Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition: A Challenging Playground for Translational Research. Current Models and Focus on <i>TWIST1</i> Relevance and Gastrointestinal Cancers
title_short	Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition: A Challenging Playground for Translational Research. Current Models and Focus on <i>TWIST1</i> Relevance and Gastrointestinal Cancers
title_full	Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition: A Challenging Playground for Translational Research. Current Models and Focus on <i>TWIST1</i> Relevance and Gastrointestinal Cancers
title_fullStr	Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition: A Challenging Playground for Translational Research. Current Models and Focus on <i>TWIST1</i> Relevance and Gastrointestinal Cancers
title_full_unstemmed	Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition: A Challenging Playground for Translational Research. Current Models and Focus on <i>TWIST1</i> Relevance and Gastrointestinal Cancers
title_sort	epithelial to mesenchymal transition: a challenging playground for translational research. current models and focus on <i>twist1</i> relevance and gastrointestinal cancers
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/6255532bcc314e768adcea81bb6e03b1
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Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition: A Challenging Playground for Translational Research. Current Models and Focus on <i>TWIST1</i> Relevance and Gastrointestinal Cancers

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