Early development and coloniality in Oligophylloides from the Devonian of Morocco-Are Heterocorallia Palaeozoic octocorals?

Heterocorals represent an enigmatic group of Palaeozoic corals, known from relatively short time intervals in the Devonian and Carboniferous periods. The major differences between Heterocorallia and other Palaeozoic corals are the lack of an external theca (epitheca), lack of calices and the presenc...

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Autores principales:	Błażej Berkowski, Mikołaj K Zapalski, Emilia Jarochowska, Phil Alderslade
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/628dbea02ac24e5ead8ce9266d1da740
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:628dbea02ac24e5ead8ce9266d1da7402021-12-02T20:14:00ZEarly development and coloniality in Oligophylloides from the Devonian of Morocco-Are Heterocorallia Palaeozoic octocorals?1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0257523https://doaj.org/article/628dbea02ac24e5ead8ce9266d1da7402021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257523https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Heterocorals represent an enigmatic group of Palaeozoic corals, known from relatively short time intervals in the Devonian and Carboniferous periods. The major differences between Heterocorallia and other Palaeozoic corals are the lack of an external theca (epitheca), lack of calices and the presence of dichotomously dividing septa-like structures. Heterocoral skeleton was presumably externally covered by the soft tissue and each branch of their skeleton has, until now, been regarded as a corallite-a skeleton of a single polyp. We investigated upper Famennian Oligophylloides from Morocco, focussing on branching processes, wall structure, previously poorly known initial growth stages and the growing tip, described here for the first time. We demonstrate that Oligophylloides shows a unique colony development not known in any group of anthozoans possessing a septate-like architecture and suggest that the previously postulated homology between true septa in hexa- and rugose corals on one hand, and Oligophylloides on the other, must be rejected. Based on the skeleton structure and branching patterns, we postulate, contrary to former ideas, that the stem and branches of heterocorals represent the skeleton of a multi-polyp colonial coral, similar to many extant octocorals. We found numerous potential homologies with octocoral skeletons (notably the Keratoisidinae within the Isididae) and, as a result, we propose the inclusion of the order Heterocorallia within the subclass Octocorallia. This suggestion requires, however, further research on the other taxa of heterocorals. We also propose some changes to the morphological terminology for the Heterocorallia.Błażej BerkowskiMikołaj K ZapalskiEmilia JarochowskaPhil AldersladePublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 9, p e0257523 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Błażej Berkowski Mikołaj K Zapalski Emilia Jarochowska Phil Alderslade Early development and coloniality in Oligophylloides from the Devonian of Morocco-Are Heterocorallia Palaeozoic octocorals?
description	Heterocorals represent an enigmatic group of Palaeozoic corals, known from relatively short time intervals in the Devonian and Carboniferous periods. The major differences between Heterocorallia and other Palaeozoic corals are the lack of an external theca (epitheca), lack of calices and the presence of dichotomously dividing septa-like structures. Heterocoral skeleton was presumably externally covered by the soft tissue and each branch of their skeleton has, until now, been regarded as a corallite-a skeleton of a single polyp. We investigated upper Famennian Oligophylloides from Morocco, focussing on branching processes, wall structure, previously poorly known initial growth stages and the growing tip, described here for the first time. We demonstrate that Oligophylloides shows a unique colony development not known in any group of anthozoans possessing a septate-like architecture and suggest that the previously postulated homology between true septa in hexa- and rugose corals on one hand, and Oligophylloides on the other, must be rejected. Based on the skeleton structure and branching patterns, we postulate, contrary to former ideas, that the stem and branches of heterocorals represent the skeleton of a multi-polyp colonial coral, similar to many extant octocorals. We found numerous potential homologies with octocoral skeletons (notably the Keratoisidinae within the Isididae) and, as a result, we propose the inclusion of the order Heterocorallia within the subclass Octocorallia. This suggestion requires, however, further research on the other taxa of heterocorals. We also propose some changes to the morphological terminology for the Heterocorallia.
format	article
author	Błażej Berkowski Mikołaj K Zapalski Emilia Jarochowska Phil Alderslade
author_facet	Błażej Berkowski Mikołaj K Zapalski Emilia Jarochowska Phil Alderslade
author_sort	Błażej Berkowski
title	Early development and coloniality in Oligophylloides from the Devonian of Morocco-Are Heterocorallia Palaeozoic octocorals?
title_short	Early development and coloniality in Oligophylloides from the Devonian of Morocco-Are Heterocorallia Palaeozoic octocorals?
title_full	Early development and coloniality in Oligophylloides from the Devonian of Morocco-Are Heterocorallia Palaeozoic octocorals?
title_fullStr	Early development and coloniality in Oligophylloides from the Devonian of Morocco-Are Heterocorallia Palaeozoic octocorals?
title_full_unstemmed	Early development and coloniality in Oligophylloides from the Devonian of Morocco-Are Heterocorallia Palaeozoic octocorals?
title_sort	early development and coloniality in oligophylloides from the devonian of morocco-are heterocorallia palaeozoic octocorals?
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/628dbea02ac24e5ead8ce9266d1da740
work_keys_str_mv	AT błazejberkowski earlydevelopmentandcolonialityinoligophylloidesfromthedevonianofmoroccoareheterocoralliapalaeozoicoctocorals AT mikołajkzapalski earlydevelopmentandcolonialityinoligophylloidesfromthedevonianofmoroccoareheterocoralliapalaeozoicoctocorals AT emiliajarochowska earlydevelopmentandcolonialityinoligophylloidesfromthedevonianofmoroccoareheterocoralliapalaeozoicoctocorals AT philalderslade earlydevelopmentandcolonialityinoligophylloidesfromthedevonianofmoroccoareheterocoralliapalaeozoicoctocorals
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Early development and coloniality in Oligophylloides from the Devonian of Morocco-Are Heterocorallia Palaeozoic octocorals?

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