Relevance of deprivation studies in understanding rapid eye movement sleep

Rachna Mehta,1,2 Shafa Khan,1 Birendra N Mallick1 1School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India; 2Amity Institute of Neuropsychology & Neurosciences, Amity University, Noida, India Abstract: Rapid eye movement sleep (REMS) is a unique phenomenon essential for mainta...

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Autores principales:	Mehta R, Khan S, Mallick BN
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2018
Materias:	flower pot method locus coeruleus methods of REMS deprivation noradrenaline stress response Psychiatry RC435-571 Neurophysiology and neuropsychology QP351-495
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/6298903a0a4240a39aef7622bd890941
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:6298903a0a4240a39aef7622bd8909412021-12-02T03:03:35ZRelevance of deprivation studies in understanding rapid eye movement sleep1179-1608https://doaj.org/article/6298903a0a4240a39aef7622bd8909412018-05-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.dovepress.com/relevance-of-deprivation-studies-in-understanding-rapid-eye-movement-s-peer-reviewed-article-NSShttps://doaj.org/toc/1179-1608Rachna Mehta,1,2 Shafa Khan,1 Birendra N Mallick1 1School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India; 2Amity Institute of Neuropsychology & Neurosciences, Amity University, Noida, India Abstract: Rapid eye movement sleep (REMS) is a unique phenomenon essential for maintaining normal physiological processes and is expressed at least in species higher in the evolution. The basic scaffold of the neuronal network responsible for REMS regulation is present in the brainstem, which may be directly or indirectly influenced by most other physiological processes. It is regulated by the neurons in the brainstem. Various manipulations including chemical, electrophysiological, lesion, stimulation, behavioral, ontogenic and deprivation studies have been designed to understand REMS genesis, maintenance, physiology and functional significance. Although each of these methods has its significance and limitations, deprivation studies have contributed significantly to the overall understanding of REMS. In this review, we discuss the advantages and limitations of various methods used for REMS deprivation (REMSD) to understand neural regulation and physiological significance of REMS. Among the deprivation strategies, the flowerpot method is by far the method of choice because it is simple and convenient, exploits physiological parameter (muscle atonia) for REMSD and allows conducting adequate controls to overcome experimental limitations as well as to rule out nonspecific effects. Notwithstanding, a major criticism that the flowerpot method faces is that of perceived stress experienced by the experimental animals. Nevertheless, we conclude that like most methods, particularly for in vivo behavioral studies, in spite of a few limitations, given the advantages described above, the flowerpot method is the best method of choice for REMSD studies. Keywords: flowerpot method, locus coeruleus, methods of REMS deprivation, noradrenaline, stress responseMehta RKhan SMallick BNDove Medical Pressarticleflower pot methodlocus coeruleusmethods of REMS deprivationnoradrenalinestress responsePsychiatryRC435-571Neurophysiology and neuropsychologyQP351-495ENNature and Science of Sleep, Vol Volume 10, Pp 143-158 (2018)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	flower pot method locus coeruleus methods of REMS deprivation noradrenaline stress response Psychiatry RC435-571 Neurophysiology and neuropsychology QP351-495
spellingShingle	flower pot method locus coeruleus methods of REMS deprivation noradrenaline stress response Psychiatry RC435-571 Neurophysiology and neuropsychology QP351-495 Mehta R Khan S Mallick BN Relevance of deprivation studies in understanding rapid eye movement sleep
description	Rachna Mehta,1,2 Shafa Khan,1 Birendra N Mallick1 1School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India; 2Amity Institute of Neuropsychology & Neurosciences, Amity University, Noida, India Abstract: Rapid eye movement sleep (REMS) is a unique phenomenon essential for maintaining normal physiological processes and is expressed at least in species higher in the evolution. The basic scaffold of the neuronal network responsible for REMS regulation is present in the brainstem, which may be directly or indirectly influenced by most other physiological processes. It is regulated by the neurons in the brainstem. Various manipulations including chemical, electrophysiological, lesion, stimulation, behavioral, ontogenic and deprivation studies have been designed to understand REMS genesis, maintenance, physiology and functional significance. Although each of these methods has its significance and limitations, deprivation studies have contributed significantly to the overall understanding of REMS. In this review, we discuss the advantages and limitations of various methods used for REMS deprivation (REMSD) to understand neural regulation and physiological significance of REMS. Among the deprivation strategies, the flowerpot method is by far the method of choice because it is simple and convenient, exploits physiological parameter (muscle atonia) for REMSD and allows conducting adequate controls to overcome experimental limitations as well as to rule out nonspecific effects. Notwithstanding, a major criticism that the flowerpot method faces is that of perceived stress experienced by the experimental animals. Nevertheless, we conclude that like most methods, particularly for in vivo behavioral studies, in spite of a few limitations, given the advantages described above, the flowerpot method is the best method of choice for REMSD studies. Keywords: flowerpot method, locus coeruleus, methods of REMS deprivation, noradrenaline, stress response
format	article
author	Mehta R Khan S Mallick BN
author_facet	Mehta R Khan S Mallick BN
author_sort	Mehta R
title	Relevance of deprivation studies in understanding rapid eye movement sleep
title_short	Relevance of deprivation studies in understanding rapid eye movement sleep
title_full	Relevance of deprivation studies in understanding rapid eye movement sleep
title_fullStr	Relevance of deprivation studies in understanding rapid eye movement sleep
title_full_unstemmed	Relevance of deprivation studies in understanding rapid eye movement sleep
title_sort	relevance of deprivation studies in understanding rapid eye movement sleep
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2018
url	https://doaj.org/article/6298903a0a4240a39aef7622bd890941
work_keys_str_mv	AT mehtar relevanceofdeprivationstudiesinunderstandingrapideyemovementsleep AT khans relevanceofdeprivationstudiesinunderstandingrapideyemovementsleep AT mallickbn relevanceofdeprivationstudiesinunderstandingrapideyemovementsleep
_version_	1718401987642392576

Relevance of deprivation studies in understanding rapid eye movement sleep

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