Lead Concentrations in Mexican Candy: A Follow-Up Report

Background: Lead is a neurotoxic metal potentially affecting the developing brain. Children are particularly susceptible since they can absorb between 50% and 100% of ingested lead. There is no safe level for lead, therefore preventing exposure is crucial. We previously reported a positive associati...

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Autores principales:	Marcela Tamayo-Ortiz, Alison P. Sanders, Maria J. Rosa, Robert O. Wright, Chitra Amarasiriwardena, Adriana Mercado-García, Ivan Pantic, Hector Lamadrid-Figueroa, Martha María Téllez-Rojo
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Ubiquity Press 2020
Materias:	Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/62a20b10178848f281d612dc9d207e0f
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:62a20b10178848f281d612dc9d207e0f2021-12-02T11:37:53ZLead Concentrations in Mexican Candy: A Follow-Up Report2214-999610.29024/aogh.2754https://doaj.org/article/62a20b10178848f281d612dc9d207e0f2020-02-01T00:00:00Zhttps://annalsofglobalhealth.org/articles/2754https://doaj.org/toc/2214-9996Background: Lead is a neurotoxic metal potentially affecting the developing brain. Children are particularly susceptible since they can absorb between 50% and 100% of ingested lead. There is no safe level for lead, therefore preventing exposure is crucial. We previously reported a positive association between lead concentrations found in candy and concurrent blood lead levels in Mexican children. This first report garnered media and the general public’s attention. Objective: To conduct a follow-up study to assess lead concentrations in candy brands that we previously reported with concentrations ≥0.1ppm the U.S. Food and Drug Administration’s recommended maximum lead level in candy likely to be consumed frequently by small children. Methods: In 2018 we analyzed 50 additional candy samples. Lead concentrations were analyzed by an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer and lead content per candy unit was calculated. Findings: We found concentrations were typically low, with a marked decrease from prior levels (2008). Nevertheless two candy units had concentrations of 0.1 ppm of lead. Conclusions: Candy may have lead concentrations up to 0.1 ppm and 1.2 μg per unit. This is a concern because candies are exported and consumed in many countries worldwide potentially resulting in human exposure. Continued public health surveillance is needed to protect populations especially vulnerable to lead exposure, especially children.Marcela Tamayo-OrtizAlison P. SandersMaria J. RosaRobert O. WrightChitra AmarasiriwardenaAdriana Mercado-GarcíaIvan PanticHector Lamadrid-FigueroaMartha María Téllez-RojoUbiquity PressarticleInfectious and parasitic diseasesRC109-216Public aspects of medicineRA1-1270ENAnnals of Global Health, Vol 86, Iss 1 (2020)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
spellingShingle	Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Marcela Tamayo-Ortiz Alison P. Sanders Maria J. Rosa Robert O. Wright Chitra Amarasiriwardena Adriana Mercado-García Ivan Pantic Hector Lamadrid-Figueroa Martha María Téllez-Rojo Lead Concentrations in Mexican Candy: A Follow-Up Report
description	Background: Lead is a neurotoxic metal potentially affecting the developing brain. Children are particularly susceptible since they can absorb between 50% and 100% of ingested lead. There is no safe level for lead, therefore preventing exposure is crucial. We previously reported a positive association between lead concentrations found in candy and concurrent blood lead levels in Mexican children. This first report garnered media and the general public’s attention. Objective: To conduct a follow-up study to assess lead concentrations in candy brands that we previously reported with concentrations ≥0.1ppm the U.S. Food and Drug Administration’s recommended maximum lead level in candy likely to be consumed frequently by small children. Methods: In 2018 we analyzed 50 additional candy samples. Lead concentrations were analyzed by an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer and lead content per candy unit was calculated. Findings: We found concentrations were typically low, with a marked decrease from prior levels (2008). Nevertheless two candy units had concentrations of 0.1 ppm of lead. Conclusions: Candy may have lead concentrations up to 0.1 ppm and 1.2 μg per unit. This is a concern because candies are exported and consumed in many countries worldwide potentially resulting in human exposure. Continued public health surveillance is needed to protect populations especially vulnerable to lead exposure, especially children.
format	article
author	Marcela Tamayo-Ortiz Alison P. Sanders Maria J. Rosa Robert O. Wright Chitra Amarasiriwardena Adriana Mercado-García Ivan Pantic Hector Lamadrid-Figueroa Martha María Téllez-Rojo
author_facet	Marcela Tamayo-Ortiz Alison P. Sanders Maria J. Rosa Robert O. Wright Chitra Amarasiriwardena Adriana Mercado-García Ivan Pantic Hector Lamadrid-Figueroa Martha María Téllez-Rojo
author_sort	Marcela Tamayo-Ortiz
title	Lead Concentrations in Mexican Candy: A Follow-Up Report
title_short	Lead Concentrations in Mexican Candy: A Follow-Up Report
title_full	Lead Concentrations in Mexican Candy: A Follow-Up Report
title_fullStr	Lead Concentrations in Mexican Candy: A Follow-Up Report
title_full_unstemmed	Lead Concentrations in Mexican Candy: A Follow-Up Report
title_sort	lead concentrations in mexican candy: a follow-up report
publisher	Ubiquity Press
publishDate	2020
url	https://doaj.org/article/62a20b10178848f281d612dc9d207e0f
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Lead Concentrations in Mexican Candy: A Follow-Up Report

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