Experimental evidence for yawn contagion in orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus)

Abstract Yawning is highly contagious, yet both its proximate mechanism(s) and its ultimate causation remain poorly understood. Scholars have suggested a link between contagious yawning (CY) and sociality due to its appearance in mostly social species. Nevertheless, as findings are inconsistent, CY’...

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Autores principales:	Evy van Berlo, Alejandra P. Díaz-Loyo, Oscar E. Juárez-Mora, Mariska E. Kret, Jorg J. M. Massen
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2020
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/62ade9fab8eb4981a61c7c141436d13f
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:62ade9fab8eb4981a61c7c141436d13f2021-12-02T13:34:11ZExperimental evidence for yawn contagion in orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus)10.1038/s41598-020-79160-x2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/62ade9fab8eb4981a61c7c141436d13f2020-12-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-79160-xhttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Yawning is highly contagious, yet both its proximate mechanism(s) and its ultimate causation remain poorly understood. Scholars have suggested a link between contagious yawning (CY) and sociality due to its appearance in mostly social species. Nevertheless, as findings are inconsistent, CY’s function and evolution remains heavily debated. One way to understand the evolution of CY is by studying it in hominids. Although CY has been found in chimpanzees and bonobos, but is absent in gorillas, data on orangutans are missing despite them being the least social hominid. Orangutans are thus interesting for understanding CY’s phylogeny. Here, we experimentally tested whether orangutans yawn contagiously in response to videos of conspecifics yawning. Furthermore, we investigated whether CY was affected by familiarity with the yawning individual (i.e. a familiar or unfamiliar conspecific and a 3D orangutan avatar). In 700 trials across 8 individuals, we found that orangutans are more likely to yawn in response to yawn videos compared to control videos of conspecifics, but not to yawn videos of the avatar. Interestingly, CY occurred regardless of whether a conspecific was familiar or unfamiliar. We conclude that CY was likely already present in the last common ancestor of humans and great apes, though more converging evidence is needed.Evy van BerloAlejandra P. Díaz-LoyoOscar E. Juárez-MoraMariska E. KretJorg J. M. MassenNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 10, Iss 1, Pp 1-11 (2020)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Evy van Berlo Alejandra P. Díaz-Loyo Oscar E. Juárez-Mora Mariska E. Kret Jorg J. M. Massen Experimental evidence for yawn contagion in orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus)
description	Abstract Yawning is highly contagious, yet both its proximate mechanism(s) and its ultimate causation remain poorly understood. Scholars have suggested a link between contagious yawning (CY) and sociality due to its appearance in mostly social species. Nevertheless, as findings are inconsistent, CY’s function and evolution remains heavily debated. One way to understand the evolution of CY is by studying it in hominids. Although CY has been found in chimpanzees and bonobos, but is absent in gorillas, data on orangutans are missing despite them being the least social hominid. Orangutans are thus interesting for understanding CY’s phylogeny. Here, we experimentally tested whether orangutans yawn contagiously in response to videos of conspecifics yawning. Furthermore, we investigated whether CY was affected by familiarity with the yawning individual (i.e. a familiar or unfamiliar conspecific and a 3D orangutan avatar). In 700 trials across 8 individuals, we found that orangutans are more likely to yawn in response to yawn videos compared to control videos of conspecifics, but not to yawn videos of the avatar. Interestingly, CY occurred regardless of whether a conspecific was familiar or unfamiliar. We conclude that CY was likely already present in the last common ancestor of humans and great apes, though more converging evidence is needed.
format	article
author	Evy van Berlo Alejandra P. Díaz-Loyo Oscar E. Juárez-Mora Mariska E. Kret Jorg J. M. Massen
author_facet	Evy van Berlo Alejandra P. Díaz-Loyo Oscar E. Juárez-Mora Mariska E. Kret Jorg J. M. Massen
author_sort	Evy van Berlo
title	Experimental evidence for yawn contagion in orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus)
title_short	Experimental evidence for yawn contagion in orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus)
title_full	Experimental evidence for yawn contagion in orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus)
title_fullStr	Experimental evidence for yawn contagion in orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus)
title_full_unstemmed	Experimental evidence for yawn contagion in orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus)
title_sort	experimental evidence for yawn contagion in orangutans (pongo pygmaeus)
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2020
url	https://doaj.org/article/62ade9fab8eb4981a61c7c141436d13f
work_keys_str_mv	AT evyvanberlo experimentalevidenceforyawncontagioninorangutanspongopygmaeus AT alejandrapdiazloyo experimentalevidenceforyawncontagioninorangutanspongopygmaeus AT oscarejuarezmora experimentalevidenceforyawncontagioninorangutanspongopygmaeus AT mariskaekret experimentalevidenceforyawncontagioninorangutanspongopygmaeus AT jorgjmmassen experimentalevidenceforyawncontagioninorangutanspongopygmaeus
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Experimental evidence for yawn contagion in orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus)

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