Modelling the influence of biotic plant stress on atmospheric aerosol particle processes throughout a growing season
<p>Most trees emit volatile organic compounds (VOCs) continuously throughout their life, but the rate of emission and spectrum of emitted VOCs become substantially altered when the trees experience stress. Despite this, models to predict the emissions of VOCs do not account for perturbations c...
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| Autores principales: | , , , , |
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| Formato: | article |
| Lenguaje: | EN |
| Publicado: |
Copernicus Publications
2021
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| Materias: | |
| Acceso en línea: | https://doaj.org/article/62b6a58e77e04df3a85f683167e31dc0 |
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| Sumario: | <p>Most trees emit volatile organic compounds (VOCs) continuously
throughout their life, but the rate of emission and spectrum of emitted
VOCs become substantially altered when the trees experience stress. Despite this, models to predict the emissions of VOCs do not account for perturbations
caused by biotic plant stress. Considering that such stresses have generally
been forecast to increase in both frequency and severity in the future climate,
the neglect of stress-induced plant emissions in models might be one of the
key obstacles for realistic climate change predictions, since changes in VOC
concentrations are known to greatly influence atmospheric aerosol processes.
Thus, we constructed a model to study the impact of biotic plant stresses on
new particle formation and growth throughout a full growing season. We
simulated the influence on aerosol processes caused by herbivory by the European
gypsy moth (<i>Lymantria dispar</i>) and autumnal moth (<i>Epirrita autumnata</i>) feeding on pedunculate oak (<i>Quercus robur</i>) and
mountain birch (<i>Betula pubescens</i> var. <i>pumila</i>), respectively, and also fungal infections of
pedunculate oak and balsam poplar (<i>Populus balsamifera</i> var. <i>suaveolens</i>) by oak powdery mildew (<i>Erysiphe alphitoides</i>) and
poplar rust (<i>Melampsora larici-populina</i>), respectively. Our modelling results indicate that all the
investigated plant stresses are capable of substantially perturbing both the
number and size of aerosol particles in atmospherically relevant conditions,
with increases in the amount of newly formed particles by up to about an
order of magnitude and additional daily growth of up to almost 50 nm. We
also showed that it can be more important to account for biotic plant
stresses in models for local and regional predictions of new particle
formation and growth during the time of infestation or infection than
significant variations in, e.g. leaf area index and temperature and light
conditions, which are currently the main parameters controlling predictions
of VOC emissions. Our study thus demonstrates that biotic plant stress can
be highly atmospherically relevant. To validate our findings, field
measurements are urgently needed to quantify the role of stress emissions in
atmospheric aerosol processes and for making integration of biotic plant
stress emission responses into numerical models for prediction of
atmospheric chemistry and physics, including climate change projection
models, possible.</p> |
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