Considerable knock-on displacement of metal atoms under a low energy electron beam

Abstract Under electron beam irradiation, knock-on atomic displacement is commonly thought to occur only when the incident electron energy is above the incident-energy threshold of the material in question. However, we report that when exposed to intense electrons at room temperature at a low incide...

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Autores principales:	Hengfei Gu, Geping Li, Chengze Liu, Fusen Yuan, Fuzhou Han, Lifeng Zhang, Songquan Wu
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2017
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/62ba102256e54fc9b8422962f848151e
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:62ba102256e54fc9b8422962f848151e2021-12-02T16:06:16ZConsiderable knock-on displacement of metal atoms under a low energy electron beam10.1038/s41598-017-00251-32045-2322https://doaj.org/article/62ba102256e54fc9b8422962f848151e2017-03-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-00251-3https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Under electron beam irradiation, knock-on atomic displacement is commonly thought to occur only when the incident electron energy is above the incident-energy threshold of the material in question. However, we report that when exposed to intense electrons at room temperature at a low incident energy of 30 keV, which is far below the theoretically predicted incident-energy threshold of zirconium, Zircaloy-4 (Zr-1.50Sn-0.25Fe-0.15Cr (wt.%)) surfaces can undergo considerable displacement damage. We demonstrate that electron beam irradiation of the bulk Zircaloy-4 surface resulted in a striking radiation effect that nanoscale precipitates within the surface layer gradually emerged and became clearly visible with increasing the irradiation time. Our transmission electron microscope (TEM) observations further reveal that electron beam irradiation of the thin-film Zircaly-4 surface caused the sputtering of surface α-Zr atoms, the nanoscale atomic restructuring in the α-Zr matrix, and the amorphization of precipitates. These results are the first direct evidences suggesting that displacement of metal atoms can be induced by a low incident electron energy below threshold. The presented way to irradiate may be extended to other materials aiming at producing appealing properties for applications in fields of nanotechnology, surface technology, and others.Hengfei GuGeping LiChengze LiuFusen YuanFuzhou HanLifeng ZhangSongquan WuNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 7, Iss 1, Pp 1-10 (2017)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Hengfei Gu Geping Li Chengze Liu Fusen Yuan Fuzhou Han Lifeng Zhang Songquan Wu Considerable knock-on displacement of metal atoms under a low energy electron beam
description	Abstract Under electron beam irradiation, knock-on atomic displacement is commonly thought to occur only when the incident electron energy is above the incident-energy threshold of the material in question. However, we report that when exposed to intense electrons at room temperature at a low incident energy of 30 keV, which is far below the theoretically predicted incident-energy threshold of zirconium, Zircaloy-4 (Zr-1.50Sn-0.25Fe-0.15Cr (wt.%)) surfaces can undergo considerable displacement damage. We demonstrate that electron beam irradiation of the bulk Zircaloy-4 surface resulted in a striking radiation effect that nanoscale precipitates within the surface layer gradually emerged and became clearly visible with increasing the irradiation time. Our transmission electron microscope (TEM) observations further reveal that electron beam irradiation of the thin-film Zircaly-4 surface caused the sputtering of surface α-Zr atoms, the nanoscale atomic restructuring in the α-Zr matrix, and the amorphization of precipitates. These results are the first direct evidences suggesting that displacement of metal atoms can be induced by a low incident electron energy below threshold. The presented way to irradiate may be extended to other materials aiming at producing appealing properties for applications in fields of nanotechnology, surface technology, and others.
format	article
author	Hengfei Gu Geping Li Chengze Liu Fusen Yuan Fuzhou Han Lifeng Zhang Songquan Wu
author_facet	Hengfei Gu Geping Li Chengze Liu Fusen Yuan Fuzhou Han Lifeng Zhang Songquan Wu
author_sort	Hengfei Gu
title	Considerable knock-on displacement of metal atoms under a low energy electron beam
title_short	Considerable knock-on displacement of metal atoms under a low energy electron beam
title_full	Considerable knock-on displacement of metal atoms under a low energy electron beam
title_fullStr	Considerable knock-on displacement of metal atoms under a low energy electron beam
title_full_unstemmed	Considerable knock-on displacement of metal atoms under a low energy electron beam
title_sort	considerable knock-on displacement of metal atoms under a low energy electron beam
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2017
url	https://doaj.org/article/62ba102256e54fc9b8422962f848151e
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Considerable knock-on displacement of metal atoms under a low energy electron beam

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