The polyphagous shot hole borer beetle: Current status of a perfect invader in South Africa
The polyphagous shot hole borer (PSHB) beetle is a recent invader in South Africa. Together with its fungal symbiont, Fusarium euwallaceae, it can rapidly kill highly susceptible host plants. Its impact is most profound in urban areas, but it has also been found infesting important forestry, agricu...
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Academy of Science of South Africa
2021
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oai:doaj.org-article:62c4ef17cc7543d3ac5d73a3da2e95722021-12-02T06:15:03ZThe polyphagous shot hole borer beetle: Current status of a perfect invader in South Africa10.17159/sajs.2021/97361996-7489https://doaj.org/article/62c4ef17cc7543d3ac5d73a3da2e95722021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://sajs.co.za/article/view/9736https://doaj.org/toc/1996-7489 The polyphagous shot hole borer (PSHB) beetle is a recent invader in South Africa. Together with its fungal symbiont, Fusarium euwallaceae, it can rapidly kill highly susceptible host plants. Its impact is most profound in urban areas, but it has also been found infesting important forestry, agricultural crop and native species. Since its first detection in 2012, PSHB has spread to all but one province in the country. The beetle–fungus complex has several biological traits that enhance its anthropogenically mediated dispersal, establishment and survival in novel environments – factors that have likely facilitated its rapid spread across the country. We review the history of the PSHB invasion in South Africa, its taxonomic status and the reasons for its rapid spread. We highlight its potential impact and challenges for its management. Finally, we provide an updated distribution map and list of confirmed host plants in South Africa. Of the 130 plant species identified as hosts, 48 of these (19 indigenous and 29 introduced) are reproductive hosts able to maintain breeding PSHB populations. These reproductive hosts may succumb to beetle infestations and act as ‘pest-amplifiers’. The economic impact on urban forests, plantation forestry and agricultural crops may be severe, but the ecological impact of PSHB invasion in native ecosystems should not be underestimated. Significance: • We provide an updated host list and distribution map for South Africa of the globally significant tree pest, the polyphagous shot hole borer (PSHB, Euwallacea fornicatus). The South African PSHB invasion represents the largest outbreak of this pest in its global invaded range. PSHB was confirmed to infest 130 plant species in urban, agricultural, and native ecosystems in South Africa, including 44 previously unreported hosts. Impact in South Africa is in its infancy but will likely be substantial to local economies and ecosystems. Mitigation has proven difficult, but numerous research projects have been initiated throughout the country. Elmar van RooyenTrudy PaapWilhelm de BeerGaryn TownsendShawn FellWilma J. NelSeamus MorganMartin HillFrancois RoetsAcademy of Science of South AfricaarticledistributionEuwallacea fornicatusFusarium euwallaceaehost rangeinvasion biologyScienceQScience (General)Q1-390Social SciencesHSocial sciences (General)H1-99ENSouth African Journal of Science, Vol 117, Iss 11/12 (2021) |
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| collection |
DOAJ |
| language |
EN |
| topic |
distribution Euwallacea fornicatus Fusarium euwallaceae host range invasion biology Science Q Science (General) Q1-390 Social Sciences H Social sciences (General) H1-99 |
| spellingShingle |
distribution Euwallacea fornicatus Fusarium euwallaceae host range invasion biology Science Q Science (General) Q1-390 Social Sciences H Social sciences (General) H1-99 Elmar van Rooyen Trudy Paap Wilhelm de Beer Garyn Townsend Shawn Fell Wilma J. Nel Seamus Morgan Martin Hill Francois Roets The polyphagous shot hole borer beetle: Current status of a perfect invader in South Africa |
| description |
The polyphagous shot hole borer (PSHB) beetle is a recent invader in South Africa. Together with its fungal symbiont, Fusarium euwallaceae, it can rapidly kill highly susceptible host plants. Its impact is most profound in urban areas, but it has also been found infesting important forestry, agricultural crop and native species. Since its first detection in 2012, PSHB has spread to all but one province in the country. The beetle–fungus complex has several biological traits that enhance its anthropogenically mediated dispersal, establishment and survival in novel environments – factors that have likely facilitated its rapid spread across the country. We review the history of the PSHB invasion in South Africa, its taxonomic status and the reasons for its rapid spread. We highlight its potential impact and challenges for its management. Finally, we provide an updated distribution map and list of confirmed host plants in South Africa. Of the 130 plant species identified as hosts, 48 of these (19 indigenous and 29 introduced) are reproductive hosts able to maintain breeding PSHB populations. These reproductive hosts may succumb to beetle infestations and act as ‘pest-amplifiers’. The economic impact on urban forests, plantation forestry and agricultural crops may be severe, but the ecological impact of PSHB invasion in native ecosystems should not be underestimated.
Significance:
• We provide an updated host list and distribution map for South Africa of the globally significant tree pest, the polyphagous shot hole borer (PSHB, Euwallacea fornicatus). The South African PSHB invasion represents the largest outbreak of this pest in its global invaded range. PSHB was confirmed to infest 130 plant species in urban, agricultural, and native ecosystems in South Africa, including 44 previously unreported hosts. Impact in South Africa is in its infancy but will likely be substantial to local economies and ecosystems. Mitigation has proven difficult, but numerous research projects have been initiated throughout the country.
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| format |
article |
| author |
Elmar van Rooyen Trudy Paap Wilhelm de Beer Garyn Townsend Shawn Fell Wilma J. Nel Seamus Morgan Martin Hill Francois Roets |
| author_facet |
Elmar van Rooyen Trudy Paap Wilhelm de Beer Garyn Townsend Shawn Fell Wilma J. Nel Seamus Morgan Martin Hill Francois Roets |
| author_sort |
Elmar van Rooyen |
| title |
The polyphagous shot hole borer beetle: Current status of a perfect invader in South Africa |
| title_short |
The polyphagous shot hole borer beetle: Current status of a perfect invader in South Africa |
| title_full |
The polyphagous shot hole borer beetle: Current status of a perfect invader in South Africa |
| title_fullStr |
The polyphagous shot hole borer beetle: Current status of a perfect invader in South Africa |
| title_full_unstemmed |
The polyphagous shot hole borer beetle: Current status of a perfect invader in South Africa |
| title_sort |
polyphagous shot hole borer beetle: current status of a perfect invader in south africa |
| publisher |
Academy of Science of South Africa |
| publishDate |
2021 |
| url |
https://doaj.org/article/62c4ef17cc7543d3ac5d73a3da2e9572 |
| work_keys_str_mv |
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