Melanoma Targeted Therapies beyond <i>BRAF</i>-Mutant Melanoma: Potential Druggable Mutations and Novel Treatment Approaches

Melanomas exhibit the highest rate of somatic mutations among all different types of cancers (with the exception of BCC and SCC). The accumulation of a multimode of mutations in the driver oncogenes are responsible for the proliferative, invasive, and aggressive nature of melanomas. High-resolution...

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Autores principales:	Karam Khaddour, Lucas Maahs, Ana Maria Avila-Rodriguez, Yazan Maamar, Sami Samaan, George Ansstas
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	melanoma targeted therapy precision oncology <i>BRAF</i> <i>MEK</i> <i>NF1</i> Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens RC254-282
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/62c50b00686e4a649980acf90da6f642
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:62c50b00686e4a649980acf90da6f642
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:62c50b00686e4a649980acf90da6f6422021-11-25T17:04:43ZMelanoma Targeted Therapies beyond <i>BRAF</i>-Mutant Melanoma: Potential Druggable Mutations and Novel Treatment Approaches10.3390/cancers132258472072-6694https://doaj.org/article/62c50b00686e4a649980acf90da6f6422021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/13/22/5847https://doaj.org/toc/2072-6694Melanomas exhibit the highest rate of somatic mutations among all different types of cancers (with the exception of BCC and SCC). The accumulation of a multimode of mutations in the driver oncogenes are responsible for the proliferative, invasive, and aggressive nature of melanomas. High-resolution and high-throughput technology has led to the identification of distinct mutational signatures and their downstream alterations in several key pathways that contribute to melanomagenesis. This has enabled the development of individualized treatments by targeting specific molecular alterations that are vital for cancer cell survival, which has resulted in improved outcomes in several cancers, including melanomas. To date, <i>BRAF</i> and <i>MEK</i> inhibitors remain the only approved targeted therapy with a high level of evidence in <i>BRAF<sup>V600E/K</sup></i> mutant melanomas. The lack of approved precision drugs in melanomas, relative to other cancers, despite harboring one of the highest rates of somatic mutations, advocates for further research to unveil effective therapeutics. In this review, we will discuss potential druggable mutations and the ongoing research of novel individualized treatment approaches targeting non-<i>BRAF</i> mutations in melanomas.Karam KhaddourLucas MaahsAna Maria Avila-RodriguezYazan MaamarSami SamaanGeorge AnsstasMDPI AGarticlemelanomatargeted therapyprecision oncology<i>BRAF</i><i>MEK</i><i>NF1</i>Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogensRC254-282ENCancers, Vol 13, Iss 5847, p 5847 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	melanoma targeted therapy precision oncology <i>BRAF</i> <i>MEK</i> <i>NF1</i> Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens RC254-282
spellingShingle	melanoma targeted therapy precision oncology <i>BRAF</i> <i>MEK</i> <i>NF1</i> Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens RC254-282 Karam Khaddour Lucas Maahs Ana Maria Avila-Rodriguez Yazan Maamar Sami Samaan George Ansstas Melanoma Targeted Therapies beyond <i>BRAF</i>-Mutant Melanoma: Potential Druggable Mutations and Novel Treatment Approaches
description	Melanomas exhibit the highest rate of somatic mutations among all different types of cancers (with the exception of BCC and SCC). The accumulation of a multimode of mutations in the driver oncogenes are responsible for the proliferative, invasive, and aggressive nature of melanomas. High-resolution and high-throughput technology has led to the identification of distinct mutational signatures and their downstream alterations in several key pathways that contribute to melanomagenesis. This has enabled the development of individualized treatments by targeting specific molecular alterations that are vital for cancer cell survival, which has resulted in improved outcomes in several cancers, including melanomas. To date, <i>BRAF</i> and <i>MEK</i> inhibitors remain the only approved targeted therapy with a high level of evidence in <i>BRAF<sup>V600E/K</sup></i> mutant melanomas. The lack of approved precision drugs in melanomas, relative to other cancers, despite harboring one of the highest rates of somatic mutations, advocates for further research to unveil effective therapeutics. In this review, we will discuss potential druggable mutations and the ongoing research of novel individualized treatment approaches targeting non-<i>BRAF</i> mutations in melanomas.
format	article
author	Karam Khaddour Lucas Maahs Ana Maria Avila-Rodriguez Yazan Maamar Sami Samaan George Ansstas
author_facet	Karam Khaddour Lucas Maahs Ana Maria Avila-Rodriguez Yazan Maamar Sami Samaan George Ansstas
author_sort	Karam Khaddour
title	Melanoma Targeted Therapies beyond <i>BRAF</i>-Mutant Melanoma: Potential Druggable Mutations and Novel Treatment Approaches
title_short	Melanoma Targeted Therapies beyond <i>BRAF</i>-Mutant Melanoma: Potential Druggable Mutations and Novel Treatment Approaches
title_full	Melanoma Targeted Therapies beyond <i>BRAF</i>-Mutant Melanoma: Potential Druggable Mutations and Novel Treatment Approaches
title_fullStr	Melanoma Targeted Therapies beyond <i>BRAF</i>-Mutant Melanoma: Potential Druggable Mutations and Novel Treatment Approaches
title_full_unstemmed	Melanoma Targeted Therapies beyond <i>BRAF</i>-Mutant Melanoma: Potential Druggable Mutations and Novel Treatment Approaches
title_sort	melanoma targeted therapies beyond <i>braf</i>-mutant melanoma: potential druggable mutations and novel treatment approaches
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/62c50b00686e4a649980acf90da6f642
work_keys_str_mv	AT karamkhaddour melanomatargetedtherapiesbeyondibrafimutantmelanomapotentialdruggablemutationsandnoveltreatmentapproaches AT lucasmaahs melanomatargetedtherapiesbeyondibrafimutantmelanomapotentialdruggablemutationsandnoveltreatmentapproaches AT anamariaavilarodriguez melanomatargetedtherapiesbeyondibrafimutantmelanomapotentialdruggablemutationsandnoveltreatmentapproaches AT yazanmaamar melanomatargetedtherapiesbeyondibrafimutantmelanomapotentialdruggablemutationsandnoveltreatmentapproaches AT samisamaan melanomatargetedtherapiesbeyondibrafimutantmelanomapotentialdruggablemutationsandnoveltreatmentapproaches AT georgeansstas melanomatargetedtherapiesbeyondibrafimutantmelanomapotentialdruggablemutationsandnoveltreatmentapproaches
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Melanoma Targeted Therapies beyond <i>BRAF</i>-Mutant Melanoma: Potential Druggable Mutations and Novel Treatment Approaches

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