Blood Cytokine Analysis Suggests That SARS-CoV-2 Infection Results in a Sustained Tumour Promoting Environment in Cancer Patients
Cytokines, chemokines, and (angiogenic) growth factors (CCGs) have been shown to play an intricate role in the progression of both solid and haematological malignancies. Recent studies have shown that SARS-CoV-2 infection leads to a worse outcome in cancer patients, especially in haematological mali...
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oai:doaj.org-article:62d8aa4837a8463481aa74162ede7e632021-11-25T17:03:10ZBlood Cytokine Analysis Suggests That SARS-CoV-2 Infection Results in a Sustained Tumour Promoting Environment in Cancer Patients10.3390/cancers132257182072-6694https://doaj.org/article/62d8aa4837a8463481aa74162ede7e632021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/13/22/5718https://doaj.org/toc/2072-6694Cytokines, chemokines, and (angiogenic) growth factors (CCGs) have been shown to play an intricate role in the progression of both solid and haematological malignancies. Recent studies have shown that SARS-CoV-2 infection leads to a worse outcome in cancer patients, especially in haematological malignancy patients. Here, we investigated how SARS-CoV-2 infection impacts the already altered CCG levels in solid or haematological malignancies, specifically, whether there is a protective effect or rather a potentially higher risk for major COVID-19 complications in cancer patients due to elevated CCGs linked to cancer progression. Serially analysing immune responses with 55 CCGs in cancer patients under active treatment with or without SARS-CoV-2 infection, we first showed that cancer patients without SARS-CoV-2 infection (<i>n</i> = 54) demonstrate elevated levels of 35 CCGs compared to the non-cancer, non-infected control group of health care workers (<i>n</i> = 42). Of the 35 CCGs, 19 were common to both the solid and haematological malignancy groups and comprised previously described cytokines such as IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1Ra, IL-17A, and VEGF, but also several less well described cytokines/chemokines such as Fractalkine, Tie-2, and T cell chemokine CTACK. Importantly, we show here that 7 CCGs are significantly altered in SARS-CoV-2 exposed cancer patients (<i>n</i> = 52). Of these, TNF-α, IFN-β, TSLP, and sVCAM-1, identified to be elevated in haematological cancers, are also known tumour-promoting factors. Longitudinal analysis conducted over 3 months showed persistence of several tumour-promoting CCGs in SARS-CoV-2 exposed cancer patients. These data demonstrate a need for increased vigilance for haematological malignancy patients as a part of long COVID follow-up.Fien H. R. De WinterAn HotterbeekxManon T. HuizingAngelina KonnovaErik FransenBart’s JongersRavi Kumar JairamVincent Van averbekePieter MoonsElla RoelantDebbie Le BlonWim Vanden BergheAnnelies JanssensWillem LybaertLieselot CroesChristof VulstekeSurbhi Malhotra-KumarHerman GoossensZwi BernemanMarc PeetersPeter A. van DamSamir Kumar-SinghMDPI AGarticleCOVID-19immune responseTh1Th2Th17pro-inflammatoryNeoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogensRC254-282ENCancers, Vol 13, Iss 5718, p 5718 (2021) |
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| topic |
COVID-19 immune response Th1 Th2 Th17 pro-inflammatory Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens RC254-282 |
| spellingShingle |
COVID-19 immune response Th1 Th2 Th17 pro-inflammatory Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens RC254-282 Fien H. R. De Winter An Hotterbeekx Manon T. Huizing Angelina Konnova Erik Fransen Bart’s Jongers Ravi Kumar Jairam Vincent Van averbeke Pieter Moons Ella Roelant Debbie Le Blon Wim Vanden Berghe Annelies Janssens Willem Lybaert Lieselot Croes Christof Vulsteke Surbhi Malhotra-Kumar Herman Goossens Zwi Berneman Marc Peeters Peter A. van Dam Samir Kumar-Singh Blood Cytokine Analysis Suggests That SARS-CoV-2 Infection Results in a Sustained Tumour Promoting Environment in Cancer Patients |
| description |
Cytokines, chemokines, and (angiogenic) growth factors (CCGs) have been shown to play an intricate role in the progression of both solid and haematological malignancies. Recent studies have shown that SARS-CoV-2 infection leads to a worse outcome in cancer patients, especially in haematological malignancy patients. Here, we investigated how SARS-CoV-2 infection impacts the already altered CCG levels in solid or haematological malignancies, specifically, whether there is a protective effect or rather a potentially higher risk for major COVID-19 complications in cancer patients due to elevated CCGs linked to cancer progression. Serially analysing immune responses with 55 CCGs in cancer patients under active treatment with or without SARS-CoV-2 infection, we first showed that cancer patients without SARS-CoV-2 infection (<i>n</i> = 54) demonstrate elevated levels of 35 CCGs compared to the non-cancer, non-infected control group of health care workers (<i>n</i> = 42). Of the 35 CCGs, 19 were common to both the solid and haematological malignancy groups and comprised previously described cytokines such as IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1Ra, IL-17A, and VEGF, but also several less well described cytokines/chemokines such as Fractalkine, Tie-2, and T cell chemokine CTACK. Importantly, we show here that 7 CCGs are significantly altered in SARS-CoV-2 exposed cancer patients (<i>n</i> = 52). Of these, TNF-α, IFN-β, TSLP, and sVCAM-1, identified to be elevated in haematological cancers, are also known tumour-promoting factors. Longitudinal analysis conducted over 3 months showed persistence of several tumour-promoting CCGs in SARS-CoV-2 exposed cancer patients. These data demonstrate a need for increased vigilance for haematological malignancy patients as a part of long COVID follow-up. |
| format |
article |
| author |
Fien H. R. De Winter An Hotterbeekx Manon T. Huizing Angelina Konnova Erik Fransen Bart’s Jongers Ravi Kumar Jairam Vincent Van averbeke Pieter Moons Ella Roelant Debbie Le Blon Wim Vanden Berghe Annelies Janssens Willem Lybaert Lieselot Croes Christof Vulsteke Surbhi Malhotra-Kumar Herman Goossens Zwi Berneman Marc Peeters Peter A. van Dam Samir Kumar-Singh |
| author_facet |
Fien H. R. De Winter An Hotterbeekx Manon T. Huizing Angelina Konnova Erik Fransen Bart’s Jongers Ravi Kumar Jairam Vincent Van averbeke Pieter Moons Ella Roelant Debbie Le Blon Wim Vanden Berghe Annelies Janssens Willem Lybaert Lieselot Croes Christof Vulsteke Surbhi Malhotra-Kumar Herman Goossens Zwi Berneman Marc Peeters Peter A. van Dam Samir Kumar-Singh |
| author_sort |
Fien H. R. De Winter |
| title |
Blood Cytokine Analysis Suggests That SARS-CoV-2 Infection Results in a Sustained Tumour Promoting Environment in Cancer Patients |
| title_short |
Blood Cytokine Analysis Suggests That SARS-CoV-2 Infection Results in a Sustained Tumour Promoting Environment in Cancer Patients |
| title_full |
Blood Cytokine Analysis Suggests That SARS-CoV-2 Infection Results in a Sustained Tumour Promoting Environment in Cancer Patients |
| title_fullStr |
Blood Cytokine Analysis Suggests That SARS-CoV-2 Infection Results in a Sustained Tumour Promoting Environment in Cancer Patients |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Blood Cytokine Analysis Suggests That SARS-CoV-2 Infection Results in a Sustained Tumour Promoting Environment in Cancer Patients |
| title_sort |
blood cytokine analysis suggests that sars-cov-2 infection results in a sustained tumour promoting environment in cancer patients |
| publisher |
MDPI AG |
| publishDate |
2021 |
| url |
https://doaj.org/article/62d8aa4837a8463481aa74162ede7e63 |
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