The temporal development of fatty infiltrates in the neck muscles following whiplash injury: an association with pain and posttraumatic stress.

<h4>Background</h4>Radiological findings associated with poor recovery following whiplash injury remain elusive. Muscle fatty infiltrates (MFI) in the cervical extensors on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with chronic pain have been observed. Their association with specific...

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Autores principales:	James Elliott, Ashley Pedler, Justin Kenardy, Graham Galloway, Gwendolen Jull, Michele Sterling
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2011
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/62ee2241e58d4ed983b2e839f708fa9f
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:62ee2241e58d4ed983b2e839f708fa9f2021-11-18T06:51:57ZThe temporal development of fatty infiltrates in the neck muscles following whiplash injury: an association with pain and posttraumatic stress.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0021194https://doaj.org/article/62ee2241e58d4ed983b2e839f708fa9f2011-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/21698170/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Background</h4>Radiological findings associated with poor recovery following whiplash injury remain elusive. Muscle fatty infiltrates (MFI) in the cervical extensors on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with chronic pain have been observed. Their association with specific aspects of pain and psychological factors have yet to be explored longitudinally.<h4>Materials and findings</h4>44 subjects with whiplash injury were enrolled at 4 weeks post-injury and classified at 6 months using scores on the Neck Disability Index as recovered, mild and moderate/severe. A measure for MFI and patient self-report of pain, loss of cervical range of movement and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were collected at 4 weeks, 3 months and 6 months post-injury. The effects of time and group and the interaction of time by group on MFI were determined. We assessed the mediating effect of posttraumatic stress and cervical range of movement on the longitudinal relationship between initial pain intensity and MFI. There was no difference in MFI across all groups at enrollment. MFI values increased in the moderate/severe group and were significantly higher in comparison to the recovered and mild groups at 3 and 6 months. No differences in MFI values were found between the mild and recovered groups. Initial severity of PTSD symptoms mediated the relationship between pain intensity and MFI at 6 months. Initial ROM loss did not.<h4>Conclusions</h4>MFI in the cervical extensors occur soon following whiplash injury and suggest the possibility for the occurrence of a more severe injury with subsequent PTSD in patients with persistent symptoms.James ElliottAshley PedlerJustin KenardyGraham GallowayGwendolen JullMichele SterlingPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 6, Iss 6, p e21194 (2011)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q James Elliott Ashley Pedler Justin Kenardy Graham Galloway Gwendolen Jull Michele Sterling The temporal development of fatty infiltrates in the neck muscles following whiplash injury: an association with pain and posttraumatic stress.
description	<h4>Background</h4>Radiological findings associated with poor recovery following whiplash injury remain elusive. Muscle fatty infiltrates (MFI) in the cervical extensors on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with chronic pain have been observed. Their association with specific aspects of pain and psychological factors have yet to be explored longitudinally.<h4>Materials and findings</h4>44 subjects with whiplash injury were enrolled at 4 weeks post-injury and classified at 6 months using scores on the Neck Disability Index as recovered, mild and moderate/severe. A measure for MFI and patient self-report of pain, loss of cervical range of movement and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were collected at 4 weeks, 3 months and 6 months post-injury. The effects of time and group and the interaction of time by group on MFI were determined. We assessed the mediating effect of posttraumatic stress and cervical range of movement on the longitudinal relationship between initial pain intensity and MFI. There was no difference in MFI across all groups at enrollment. MFI values increased in the moderate/severe group and were significantly higher in comparison to the recovered and mild groups at 3 and 6 months. No differences in MFI values were found between the mild and recovered groups. Initial severity of PTSD symptoms mediated the relationship between pain intensity and MFI at 6 months. Initial ROM loss did not.<h4>Conclusions</h4>MFI in the cervical extensors occur soon following whiplash injury and suggest the possibility for the occurrence of a more severe injury with subsequent PTSD in patients with persistent symptoms.
format	article
author	James Elliott Ashley Pedler Justin Kenardy Graham Galloway Gwendolen Jull Michele Sterling
author_facet	James Elliott Ashley Pedler Justin Kenardy Graham Galloway Gwendolen Jull Michele Sterling
author_sort	James Elliott
title	The temporal development of fatty infiltrates in the neck muscles following whiplash injury: an association with pain and posttraumatic stress.
title_short	The temporal development of fatty infiltrates in the neck muscles following whiplash injury: an association with pain and posttraumatic stress.
title_full	The temporal development of fatty infiltrates in the neck muscles following whiplash injury: an association with pain and posttraumatic stress.
title_fullStr	The temporal development of fatty infiltrates in the neck muscles following whiplash injury: an association with pain and posttraumatic stress.
title_full_unstemmed	The temporal development of fatty infiltrates in the neck muscles following whiplash injury: an association with pain and posttraumatic stress.
title_sort	temporal development of fatty infiltrates in the neck muscles following whiplash injury: an association with pain and posttraumatic stress.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2011
url	https://doaj.org/article/62ee2241e58d4ed983b2e839f708fa9f
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The temporal development of fatty infiltrates in the neck muscles following whiplash injury: an association with pain and posttraumatic stress.

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