An Integrative Assessment Combining Deep-Sea Net Sampling, in situ Observations and Environmental DNA Analysis Identifies Cabo Verde as a Cephalopod Biodiversity Hotspot in the Atlantic Ocean

The deep sea is among the largest, most biologically diverse, yet least-explored ecosystems on Earth. Baseline information on deep-sea biodiversity is crucial for understanding ecosystem functioning and for detecting community changes. Here, we established a baseline of cephalopod community composit...

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Autores principales:	Véronique Merten, Till Bayer, Thorsten B. H. Reusch, Oscar Puebla, Janina Fuss, Julia Stefanschitz, Alexandra Lischka, Helena Hauss, Philipp Neitzel, Uwe Piatkowski, Stephanie Czudaj, Bernd Christiansen, Anneke Denda, Henk-Jan T. Hoving
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	environmental DNA (eDNA) cephalopods biodiversity Macaronesia Cabo Verde metabarcoding Science Q General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution QH1-199.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/62f0e495ce424d6b9aff1a81cd504a85
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:62f0e495ce424d6b9aff1a81cd504a852021-12-01T13:45:08ZAn Integrative Assessment Combining Deep-Sea Net Sampling, in situ Observations and Environmental DNA Analysis Identifies Cabo Verde as a Cephalopod Biodiversity Hotspot in the Atlantic Ocean2296-774510.3389/fmars.2021.760108https://doaj.org/article/62f0e495ce424d6b9aff1a81cd504a852021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2021.760108/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/2296-7745The deep sea is among the largest, most biologically diverse, yet least-explored ecosystems on Earth. Baseline information on deep-sea biodiversity is crucial for understanding ecosystem functioning and for detecting community changes. Here, we established a baseline of cephalopod community composition and distribution off Cabo Verde, an archipelago in the eastern tropical Atlantic. This baseline served to test the hypothesis that Cabo Verde is biogeographically separated from other Macaronesian archipelagos and allowed the identification of cephalopod species which may play a role in the Macaronesian carbon cycle and oceanic food web. To investigate cephalopod community composition, this study used 746 individual cephalopods obtained by nets (0–1000 m) and 52 cephalopod encounters during video surveys with either towed camera (0–2500 m) or manned submersible (0–375 m). Additionally, environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding on 105 seawater samples (50–2500 m), using an 18S rRNA universal cephalopod primer pair, and a species-specific primer pair for Taningia danae resulted in the detection of 32 cephalopod taxa. When combined, the three methods detected a total of 87 taxa, including 47 distinct species. Each method contributed between 7 and 54% of taxa that were not detected by the other methods, indicating that multiple methodological approaches are needed for optimal deep-sea cephalopod biodiversity assessments. This study documents the occurrences of six species and three genera for the first time in waters surrounding Cabo Verde. Video surveys and eDNA analysis detected Taningia danae recurrently (100–2500 m). eDNA metabarcoding proved to be a powerful tool for cephalopod biodiversity monitoring and complementary to traditional sampling methods. When also including literature records, Cabo Verde hosts at least 102 cephalopod taxa including 30 families and 64 benthic and pelagic species. The total number and species composition of Cabo Verde cephalopods is similar to the Canary Islands and Azores, two known cephalopod biodiversity hotspots, but the Cabo Verde octopus fauna seems to differ. Due to a range of life history characteristics, we hypothesize that the squids Taningia danae (Octopoteuthidae) and Sthenoteuthis pteropus (Ommastrephidae) are important in the carbon cycle of Macaronesia. As a cephalopod biodiversity hotspot Cabo Verde could function as a model region to investigate cephalopod biology and ecology in a rapidly changing Atlantic Ocean.Véronique MertenTill BayerThorsten B. H. ReuschOscar PueblaOscar PueblaJanina FussJulia StefanschitzAlexandra LischkaHelena HaussPhilipp NeitzelUwe PiatkowskiStephanie CzudajBernd ChristiansenAnneke DendaHenk-Jan T. HovingFrontiers Media S.A.articleenvironmental DNA (eDNA)cephalopodsbiodiversityMacaronesiaCabo VerdemetabarcodingScienceQGeneral. Including nature conservation, geographical distributionQH1-199.5ENFrontiers in Marine Science, Vol 8 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	environmental DNA (eDNA) cephalopods biodiversity Macaronesia Cabo Verde metabarcoding Science Q General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution QH1-199.5
spellingShingle	environmental DNA (eDNA) cephalopods biodiversity Macaronesia Cabo Verde metabarcoding Science Q General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution QH1-199.5 Véronique Merten Till Bayer Thorsten B. H. Reusch Oscar Puebla Oscar Puebla Janina Fuss Julia Stefanschitz Alexandra Lischka Helena Hauss Philipp Neitzel Uwe Piatkowski Stephanie Czudaj Bernd Christiansen Anneke Denda Henk-Jan T. Hoving An Integrative Assessment Combining Deep-Sea Net Sampling, in situ Observations and Environmental DNA Analysis Identifies Cabo Verde as a Cephalopod Biodiversity Hotspot in the Atlantic Ocean
description	The deep sea is among the largest, most biologically diverse, yet least-explored ecosystems on Earth. Baseline information on deep-sea biodiversity is crucial for understanding ecosystem functioning and for detecting community changes. Here, we established a baseline of cephalopod community composition and distribution off Cabo Verde, an archipelago in the eastern tropical Atlantic. This baseline served to test the hypothesis that Cabo Verde is biogeographically separated from other Macaronesian archipelagos and allowed the identification of cephalopod species which may play a role in the Macaronesian carbon cycle and oceanic food web. To investigate cephalopod community composition, this study used 746 individual cephalopods obtained by nets (0–1000 m) and 52 cephalopod encounters during video surveys with either towed camera (0–2500 m) or manned submersible (0–375 m). Additionally, environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding on 105 seawater samples (50–2500 m), using an 18S rRNA universal cephalopod primer pair, and a species-specific primer pair for Taningia danae resulted in the detection of 32 cephalopod taxa. When combined, the three methods detected a total of 87 taxa, including 47 distinct species. Each method contributed between 7 and 54% of taxa that were not detected by the other methods, indicating that multiple methodological approaches are needed for optimal deep-sea cephalopod biodiversity assessments. This study documents the occurrences of six species and three genera for the first time in waters surrounding Cabo Verde. Video surveys and eDNA analysis detected Taningia danae recurrently (100–2500 m). eDNA metabarcoding proved to be a powerful tool for cephalopod biodiversity monitoring and complementary to traditional sampling methods. When also including literature records, Cabo Verde hosts at least 102 cephalopod taxa including 30 families and 64 benthic and pelagic species. The total number and species composition of Cabo Verde cephalopods is similar to the Canary Islands and Azores, two known cephalopod biodiversity hotspots, but the Cabo Verde octopus fauna seems to differ. Due to a range of life history characteristics, we hypothesize that the squids Taningia danae (Octopoteuthidae) and Sthenoteuthis pteropus (Ommastrephidae) are important in the carbon cycle of Macaronesia. As a cephalopod biodiversity hotspot Cabo Verde could function as a model region to investigate cephalopod biology and ecology in a rapidly changing Atlantic Ocean.
format	article
author	Véronique Merten Till Bayer Thorsten B. H. Reusch Oscar Puebla Oscar Puebla Janina Fuss Julia Stefanschitz Alexandra Lischka Helena Hauss Philipp Neitzel Uwe Piatkowski Stephanie Czudaj Bernd Christiansen Anneke Denda Henk-Jan T. Hoving
author_facet	Véronique Merten Till Bayer Thorsten B. H. Reusch Oscar Puebla Oscar Puebla Janina Fuss Julia Stefanschitz Alexandra Lischka Helena Hauss Philipp Neitzel Uwe Piatkowski Stephanie Czudaj Bernd Christiansen Anneke Denda Henk-Jan T. Hoving
author_sort	Véronique Merten
title	An Integrative Assessment Combining Deep-Sea Net Sampling, in situ Observations and Environmental DNA Analysis Identifies Cabo Verde as a Cephalopod Biodiversity Hotspot in the Atlantic Ocean
title_short	An Integrative Assessment Combining Deep-Sea Net Sampling, in situ Observations and Environmental DNA Analysis Identifies Cabo Verde as a Cephalopod Biodiversity Hotspot in the Atlantic Ocean
title_full	An Integrative Assessment Combining Deep-Sea Net Sampling, in situ Observations and Environmental DNA Analysis Identifies Cabo Verde as a Cephalopod Biodiversity Hotspot in the Atlantic Ocean
title_fullStr	An Integrative Assessment Combining Deep-Sea Net Sampling, in situ Observations and Environmental DNA Analysis Identifies Cabo Verde as a Cephalopod Biodiversity Hotspot in the Atlantic Ocean
title_full_unstemmed	An Integrative Assessment Combining Deep-Sea Net Sampling, in situ Observations and Environmental DNA Analysis Identifies Cabo Verde as a Cephalopod Biodiversity Hotspot in the Atlantic Ocean
title_sort	integrative assessment combining deep-sea net sampling, in situ observations and environmental dna analysis identifies cabo verde as a cephalopod biodiversity hotspot in the atlantic ocean
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/62f0e495ce424d6b9aff1a81cd504a85
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An Integrative Assessment Combining Deep-Sea Net Sampling, in situ Observations and Environmental DNA Analysis Identifies Cabo Verde as a Cephalopod Biodiversity Hotspot in the Atlantic Ocean

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