Stochastic and club convergence of ecological footprint: An empirical analysis for different income group of countries

The convergence of environmental pollution is one of the contemporary issues in economics. Indeed, most of the long-run climate projections and future predictions of environmental conditions are based on convergence presumption. The pioneer studies initially focused on the convergence of carbon emis...

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Autores principales:	Sinan Erdogan, Ilyas Okumus
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Elsevier 2021
Materias:	Convergence Stochastic Convergence Club Convergence Ecological Footprint Fourier PANKPSS Test Ecology QH540-549.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/62f5461d2ba946989d94efc6bf4a70dd
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:62f5461d2ba946989d94efc6bf4a70dd
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:62f5461d2ba946989d94efc6bf4a70dd2021-12-01T04:35:47ZStochastic and club convergence of ecological footprint: An empirical analysis for different income group of countries1470-160X10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.107123https://doaj.org/article/62f5461d2ba946989d94efc6bf4a70dd2021-02-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1470160X20310621https://doaj.org/toc/1470-160XThe convergence of environmental pollution is one of the contemporary issues in economics. Indeed, most of the long-run climate projections and future predictions of environmental conditions are based on convergence presumption. The pioneer studies initially focused on the convergence of carbon emission per capita, yet convergence of ecological footprint per capita, accepted as a more comprehensive environmental degradation indicator than carbon emission per capita, has been begun to examine by researchers as well. The main point of this paper is to examine the stochastic and club convergence of ecological footprint among different income groups of countries from 1961 to 2016 by a panel stationarity test with smooth shifts and log-t methods. According to the empirical findings, (a) cross-section dependence exists in all income groups, (b) the findings of the panel stationarity test with smooth shifts favored divergence, (c) there are several convergent clubs among different income groups. The existence of club convergence proposes that environmental policies should consider the different convergence paths associated with club membership.Sinan ErdoganIlyas OkumusElsevierarticleConvergenceStochastic ConvergenceClub ConvergenceEcological FootprintFourier PANKPSS TestEcologyQH540-549.5ENEcological Indicators, Vol 121, Iss , Pp 107123- (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Convergence Stochastic Convergence Club Convergence Ecological Footprint Fourier PANKPSS Test Ecology QH540-549.5
spellingShingle	Convergence Stochastic Convergence Club Convergence Ecological Footprint Fourier PANKPSS Test Ecology QH540-549.5 Sinan Erdogan Ilyas Okumus Stochastic and club convergence of ecological footprint: An empirical analysis for different income group of countries
description	The convergence of environmental pollution is one of the contemporary issues in economics. Indeed, most of the long-run climate projections and future predictions of environmental conditions are based on convergence presumption. The pioneer studies initially focused on the convergence of carbon emission per capita, yet convergence of ecological footprint per capita, accepted as a more comprehensive environmental degradation indicator than carbon emission per capita, has been begun to examine by researchers as well. The main point of this paper is to examine the stochastic and club convergence of ecological footprint among different income groups of countries from 1961 to 2016 by a panel stationarity test with smooth shifts and log-t methods. According to the empirical findings, (a) cross-section dependence exists in all income groups, (b) the findings of the panel stationarity test with smooth shifts favored divergence, (c) there are several convergent clubs among different income groups. The existence of club convergence proposes that environmental policies should consider the different convergence paths associated with club membership.
format	article
author	Sinan Erdogan Ilyas Okumus
author_facet	Sinan Erdogan Ilyas Okumus
author_sort	Sinan Erdogan
title	Stochastic and club convergence of ecological footprint: An empirical analysis for different income group of countries
title_short	Stochastic and club convergence of ecological footprint: An empirical analysis for different income group of countries
title_full	Stochastic and club convergence of ecological footprint: An empirical analysis for different income group of countries
title_fullStr	Stochastic and club convergence of ecological footprint: An empirical analysis for different income group of countries
title_full_unstemmed	Stochastic and club convergence of ecological footprint: An empirical analysis for different income group of countries
title_sort	stochastic and club convergence of ecological footprint: an empirical analysis for different income group of countries
publisher	Elsevier
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/62f5461d2ba946989d94efc6bf4a70dd
work_keys_str_mv	AT sinanerdogan stochasticandclubconvergenceofecologicalfootprintanempiricalanalysisfordifferentincomegroupofcountries AT ilyasokumus stochasticandclubconvergenceofecologicalfootprintanempiricalanalysisfordifferentincomegroupofcountries
_version_	1718405845249687552

Stochastic and club convergence of ecological footprint: An empirical analysis for different income group of countries

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