Multiple determinants of whole and regional brain volume among terrestrial carnivorans.

Mammalian brain volumes vary considerably, even after controlling for body size. Although several hypotheses have been proposed to explain this variation, most research in mammals on the evolution of encephalization has focused on primates, leaving the generality of these explanations uncertain. Fur...

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Autores principales:	Eli M Swanson, Kay E Holekamp, Barbara L Lundrigan, Bradley M Arsznov, Sharleen T Sakai
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2012
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/6301cbacec834a0cae53c9e371f9813d
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:6301cbacec834a0cae53c9e371f9813d2021-11-18T07:15:39ZMultiple determinants of whole and regional brain volume among terrestrial carnivorans.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0038447https://doaj.org/article/6301cbacec834a0cae53c9e371f9813d2012-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/22719890/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Mammalian brain volumes vary considerably, even after controlling for body size. Although several hypotheses have been proposed to explain this variation, most research in mammals on the evolution of encephalization has focused on primates, leaving the generality of these explanations uncertain. Furthermore, much research still addresses only one hypothesis at a time, despite the demonstrated importance of considering multiple factors simultaneously. We used phylogenetic comparative methods to investigate simultaneously the importance of several factors previously hypothesized to be important in neural evolution among mammalian carnivores, including social complexity, forelimb use, home range size, diet, life history, phylogeny, and recent evolutionary changes in body size. We also tested hypotheses suggesting roles for these variables in determining the relative volume of four brain regions measured using computed tomography. Our data suggest that, in contrast to brain size in primates, carnivoran brain size may lag behind body size over evolutionary time. Moreover, carnivore species that primarily consume vertebrates have the largest brains. Although we found no support for a role of social complexity in overall encephalization, relative cerebrum volume correlated positively with sociality. Finally, our results support negative relationships among different brain regions after accounting for overall endocranial volume, suggesting that increased size of one brain regions is often accompanied by reduced size in other regions rather than overall brain expansion.Eli M SwansonKay E HolekampBarbara L LundriganBradley M ArsznovSharleen T SakaiPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 7, Iss 6, p e38447 (2012)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Eli M Swanson Kay E Holekamp Barbara L Lundrigan Bradley M Arsznov Sharleen T Sakai Multiple determinants of whole and regional brain volume among terrestrial carnivorans.
description	Mammalian brain volumes vary considerably, even after controlling for body size. Although several hypotheses have been proposed to explain this variation, most research in mammals on the evolution of encephalization has focused on primates, leaving the generality of these explanations uncertain. Furthermore, much research still addresses only one hypothesis at a time, despite the demonstrated importance of considering multiple factors simultaneously. We used phylogenetic comparative methods to investigate simultaneously the importance of several factors previously hypothesized to be important in neural evolution among mammalian carnivores, including social complexity, forelimb use, home range size, diet, life history, phylogeny, and recent evolutionary changes in body size. We also tested hypotheses suggesting roles for these variables in determining the relative volume of four brain regions measured using computed tomography. Our data suggest that, in contrast to brain size in primates, carnivoran brain size may lag behind body size over evolutionary time. Moreover, carnivore species that primarily consume vertebrates have the largest brains. Although we found no support for a role of social complexity in overall encephalization, relative cerebrum volume correlated positively with sociality. Finally, our results support negative relationships among different brain regions after accounting for overall endocranial volume, suggesting that increased size of one brain regions is often accompanied by reduced size in other regions rather than overall brain expansion.
format	article
author	Eli M Swanson Kay E Holekamp Barbara L Lundrigan Bradley M Arsznov Sharleen T Sakai
author_facet	Eli M Swanson Kay E Holekamp Barbara L Lundrigan Bradley M Arsznov Sharleen T Sakai
author_sort	Eli M Swanson
title	Multiple determinants of whole and regional brain volume among terrestrial carnivorans.
title_short	Multiple determinants of whole and regional brain volume among terrestrial carnivorans.
title_full	Multiple determinants of whole and regional brain volume among terrestrial carnivorans.
title_fullStr	Multiple determinants of whole and regional brain volume among terrestrial carnivorans.
title_full_unstemmed	Multiple determinants of whole and regional brain volume among terrestrial carnivorans.
title_sort	multiple determinants of whole and regional brain volume among terrestrial carnivorans.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2012
url	https://doaj.org/article/6301cbacec834a0cae53c9e371f9813d
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_version_	1718423728703930368

Multiple determinants of whole and regional brain volume among terrestrial carnivorans.

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